CBSE Class 10 Employability Skills Complete Set of Questions

CBSE Class 10 Employability Skills Complete Set of Questions 

PART A: 300 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) WITH ANSWERS

Unit 1: Communication Skills (MCQs 1-80)

1. The word 'communication' comes from the Latin word 'communicare', which means _____
a) To speak
b) To share
c) To listen
d) To write
Ans: b

2. Which of the following is NOT an element of the communication cycle?
a) Sender
b) Message
c) Time
d) Feedback
Ans: c

3. What percentage of communication is done using words (verbal content) according to the textbook?
a) 55%
b) 38%
c) 7%
d) 93%
Ans: c

4. Raising a hand to greet someone is an example of _____
a) Verbal communication
b) Visual communication
c) Gesture
d) Written communication
Ans: c

5. Which of the following is a positive facial expression?
a) Frowning
b) Rolling eyes
c) Maintaining eye contact
d) Clenching jaws
Ans: c

6. Which method of communication is best for sending a message quickly to many people in different locations?
a) Poster
b) Notice board
c) E-mail
d) Face-to-face
Ans: c

7. In the sentence "Kavita bought a book", the word 'Kavita' is a _____
a) Verb
b) Noun
c) Adjective
d) Adverb
Ans: b

8. Which punctuation mark is used at the end of a question?
a) Full stop
b) Exclamation mark
c) Question mark
d) Comma
Ans: c

9. "The dog chased the cat." The subject in this sentence is _____
a) dog
b) cat
c) chased
d) the
Ans: a

10. Which of these is an example of negative feedback?
a) Great job!
b) I appreciate your effort.
c) You keep forgetting to smile at guests.
d) Excellent work.
Ans: c

11. Which barrier to communication refers to not being able to see gestures and body language?
a) Linguistic barrier
b) Physical barrier
c) Cultural barrier
d) Interpersonal barrier
Ans: b

12. The 7 Cs of effective communication include all EXCEPT _____
a) Clear
b) Concise
c) Critical
d) Courteous
Ans: c

13. An exclamation mark (!) is used to express _____
a) A question
b) A strong emotion
c) A pause
d) A command
Ans: b

14. In the sentence "She quickly read the book", the word 'quickly' is an _____
a) Adjective
b) Noun
c) Verb
d) Adverb
Ans: d

15. Which type of sentence provides information or states a fact?
a) Interrogative
b) Exclamatory
c) Declarative
d) Imperative
Ans: c

16. "Please lower your voice" is an example of _____ sentence.
a) Declarative
b) Interrogative
c) Exclamatory
d) Imperative
Ans: d

17. Which of these is a supporting part of speech?
a) Noun
b) Verb
c) Conjunction
d) Adverb
Ans: c

18. According to the 7 Cs, 'Concise' means _____
a) Using many words
b) Being to the point
c) Being rude
d) Being emotional
Ans: b

19. Which type of communication uses images or pictures?
a) Verbal
b) Non-verbal
c) Visual
d) Oral
Ans: c

20. Nodding the head usually means _____
a) No
b) Yes
c) Maybe
d) I don't know
Ans: b

21. Which of the following is an example of written communication?
a) Phone call
b) Public speech
c) E-mail
d) Gestures
Ans: c

22. In the communication cycle, the receiver's response to the message is called _____
a) Channel
b) Sender
c) Feedback
d) Noise
Ans: c

23. Which of these is a linguistic barrier?
a) Stage fear
b) Not understanding slang or jargon
c) Noisy environment
d) Cultural stereotypes
Ans: b

24. The TINS rule for capitalisation includes capitalising the first letter of _____
a) Every noun
b) Titles, 'I', Names, Start of sentences
c) Every verb
d) Every adjective
Ans: b

25. In active voice, the subject _____ the action.
a) Receives
b) Does
c) Ignores
d) Watches
Ans: b

26. "A book is being read by Radha" is an example of _____ voice.
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Imperative
d) Interrogative
Ans: b

27. Which of these is a positive non-verbal cue at work?
a) Biting nails
b) Yawning while listening
c) Firm handshake
d) Clenching jaws
Ans: c

28. What does an upright body posture convey?
a) Weakness
b) Confidence
c) Sadness
d) Fear
Ans: b

29. Feedback should always be _____
a) Specific, helpful, kind
b) Vague, delayed, rude
c) General, immediate, harsh
d) Opinion-based only
Ans: a

30. Which of these is NOT a method of communication?
a) Email
b) Poster
c) Silence
d) Business meeting
Ans: c

31. A comma (,) is used to _____
a) End a sentence
b) Indicate a pause or separate items
c) Show strong feeling
d) Ask a question
Ans: b

32. In the sentence "He threw the ball", the direct object is _____
a) He
b) threw
c) ball
d) the
Ans: c

33. Which part of speech joins two nouns, phrases, or sentences?
a) Preposition
b) Conjunction
c) Interjection
d) Article
Ans: b

34. "Wow! That's amazing." The word 'Wow' is an _____
a) Conjunction
b) Preposition
c) Interjection
d) Adverb
Ans: c

35. Which of these is an example of small group communication?
a) Two friends talking
b) A manager writing an email
c) A board meeting
d) A public speech
Ans: c

36. To overcome language barriers, you can _____
a) Speak only your language
b) Take help of a translator
c) Avoid speaking at all
d) Use complex jargon
Ans: b

37. Which of the following is true about non-verbal communication?
a) It is less important than verbal
b) It accounts for 93% of communication
c) It uses only written words
d) It is always universal
Ans: b

38. An apostrophe (') is used to _____
a) Show possession or contraction
b) End a question
c) Separate items in a list
d) Show excitement
Ans: a

39. "Switch off the fan" is an example of _____ sentence.
a) Declarative
b) Interrogative
c) Exclamatory
d) Imperative
Ans: d

40. Which of these is a barrier to interpersonal communication?
a) Noisy environment
b) Stage fear
c) Different language
d) Using visuals
Ans: b

41. In the sentence "Ravi repaired his car", the verb is _____
a) Ravi
b) repaired
c) his
d) car
Ans: b

42. Which of these is a concrete word?
a) Happiness
b) Freedom
c) Table
d) Love
Ans: c

43. Which type of feedback validates effective listening?
a) No feedback
b) Positive and negative feedback
c) Only negative feedback
d) Only positive feedback
Ans: b

44. Which of these is an example of visual communication?
a) Phone call
b) "No pets allowed" sign with a picture
c) Speech
d) Song
Ans: b

45. To master verbal communication, you should _____
a) Speak very fast
b) Avoid eye contact
c) Think before you speak
d) Use complex words
Ans: c

46. Which of these is a punctuation mark?
a) Hash
b) Ampersand
c) Asterisk
d) Exclamation mark
Ans: d

47. "The parents sent him a postcard." The indirect object is _____
a) parents
b) sent
c) postcard
d) him
Ans: d

48. Which of these is an example of interpersonal communication?
a) Press conference
b) Election campaign
c) Two friends discussing homework
d) Newsletter
Ans: c

49. The word 'but' is a _____
a) Preposition
b) Conjunction
c) Interjection
d) Adverb
Ans: b

50. Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?
a) She is arriving on monday.
b) She is arriving on Monday.
c) she is arriving on Monday.
d) She is arriving on monday.
Ans: b

51. A paragraph is a group of sentences that _____
a) Have different themes
b) Have a common idea or theme
c) Are randomly arranged
d) Have no punctuation
Ans: b

52. Which of these is a way to overcome cultural barriers?
a) Making assumptions
b) Being respectful of others' opinions
c) Using only your cultural norms
d) Avoiding communication
Ans: b

53. In passive voice, the subject _____ the action.
a) Does
b) Performs
c) Receives
d) Initiates
Ans: c

54. Which type of sentence ends with an exclamation mark?
a) Declarative
b) Interrogative
c) Exclamatory
d) Imperative (sometimes)
Ans: c

55. "She bought a bicycle for her son." The direct object is _____
a) She
b) bought
c) bicycle
d) son
Ans: c

56. Which of these is NOT a type of verbal communication?
a) Interpersonal
b) Written
c) Gestures
d) Small group
Ans: c

57. The ENTER key on a keyboard is used to _____
a) Type numbers
b) Move cursor to new line or confirm
c) Delete text
d) Capitalise letters
Ans: b

58. Which of these is an advantage of verbal communication?
a) Difficult to understand
b) No quick response
c) Easy exchange of ideas
d) Always formal
Ans: c

59. What does the word 'coherent' mean in 7 Cs?
a) Using few words
b) Logical and consistent
c) Rude and harsh
d) Incomplete
Ans: b

60. Which of these is a supporting part of speech?
a) Pronoun
b) Adjective
c) Preposition
d) Verb
Ans: c

61. "When is the party?" ends with a _____
a) Full stop
b) Exclamation mark
c) Question mark
d) Comma
Ans: c

62. Which of these is a tip for effective public speaking?
a) Avoid eye contact
b) Stand straight and be confident
c) Speak very softly
d) Repeat sentences often
Ans: b

63. Which barrier includes superior-subordinate relationships?
a) Physical
b) Linguistic
c) Organisational
d) Cultural
Ans: c

64. An example of a visual communication sign is _____
a) A phone ringing
b) "Under construction" sign
c) A handshake
d) A speech
Ans: b

65. Which part of speech describes a verb?
a) Noun
b) Adjective
c) Adverb
d) Pronoun
Ans: c

66. "I am so excited about my first foreign trip!" This sentence is punctuated correctly with _____
a) Full stop
b) Question mark
c) Exclamation mark
d) Comma
Ans: c

67. Which of these is a good example of constructive feedback?
a) "You are always wrong."
b) "I hate your work."
c) "You can surely improve your drawing."
d) "You never listen."
Ans: c

68. What does the 'S' in the 7 Cs stand for?
a) Silent
b) Specific? (Clear is used in textbook, but specific is also correct)
c) Sad
d) Simple
Ans: b (Specific is part of 7Cs in some models; textbook uses Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous)

69. Which of these is a physical barrier?
a) Different language
b) Stage fear
c) Noise in the environment
d) Cultural assumptions
Ans: c

70. In the sentence "The car crashed into a tree", the object is _____
a) The car
b) crashed
c) a tree
d) into
Ans: c

71. Which of these is an example of paralanguage?
a) Words used
b) Tone of voice
c) Written text
d) Images
Ans: b

72. Which of these sentences is in passive voice?
a) He is reading a book.
b) The car was repaired by Raju.
c) She rides a bicycle.
d) I eat an apple.
Ans: b

73. Which type of sentence gives an order or command?
a) Declarative
b) Interrogative
c) Exclamatory
d) Imperative
Ans: d

74. Feedback is important because it _____
a) Is always positive
b) Validates effective listening and motivates
c) Is never given
d) Causes misunderstandings
Ans: b

75. Which of these is a type of non-verbal communication?
a) Email
b) Poster
c) Gestures
d) Report
Ans: c

76. What does the word 'concise' mean?
a) Using many words
b) Giving information clearly in few words
c) Being rude
d) Being incomplete
Ans: b

77. Which of these is an example of interpersonal communication?
a) Board meeting
b) Press conference
c) Two people talking on phone
d) Newsletter
Ans: c

78. Which of these is NOT a feature of good feedback?
a) Specific
b) Timely
c) Polite
d) Delayed
Ans: d

79. The word 'on' is a _____
a) Conjunction
b) Preposition
c) Interjection
d) Adverb
Ans: b

80. Which of these sentences is punctuated correctly?
a) This is Rahuls notebook.
b) This is Rahul's notebook.
c) This is Rahuls' notebook.
d) This is Rahul notebook.
Ans: b

Unit 2: Self-management Skills (MCQs 81-120)

81. Self-management is also referred to as _____
a) Self-control
b) Selfishness
c) Self-doubt
d) Self-pity
Ans: a

82. Stress can be defined as our reaction to _____
a) Happiness
b) Perceived demands or threats
c) Success
d) Relaxation
Ans: b

83. Which of the following is a stress management technique?
a) Avoiding sleep
b) Eating junk food
c) Time management
d) Procrastination
Ans: c

84. What does the 'A' in the ABC of stress management stand for?
a) Action
b) Adversity (stressful event)
c) Attitude
d) Anger
Ans: b

85. How many hours of sleep are recommended for good health?
a) 2-3 hours
b) 7 hours minimum
c) 12 hours
d) No sleep
Ans: b

86. Emotional intelligence includes all EXCEPT _____
a) Emotional awareness
b) Harnessing emotions
c) Ignoring emotions
d) Managing emotions
Ans: c

87. Which of these is a quality of a self-motivated person?
a) Giving up easily
b) Blaming others
c) Focus and dedication
d) Lack of energy
Ans: c

88. Internal motivation comes from _____
a) Rewards
b) Recognition
c) Love and personal satisfaction
d) Money
Ans: c

89. What does the 'M' in SMART goals stand for?
a) Meaningful
b) Measurable
c) Motivating
d) Manageable
Ans: b

90. Which of these is an example of a realistic goal?
a) "I will read entire syllabus in one day"
b) "I will become a millionaire tomorrow"
c) "I will spend 3 hours daily to revise subjects"
d) "I will never study"
Ans: c

91. Time management helps you to _____
a) Waste time
b) Complete tasks on time
c) Procrastinate
d) Ignore deadlines
Ans: b

92. Which of these is a time management step?
a) Prioritise
b) Delay
c) Avoid lists
d) Chat constantly
Ans: a

93. Self-awareness means identifying your _____
a) Only strengths
b) Only weaknesses
c) Strengths and weaknesses
d) Friends' qualities
Ans: c

94. Which of these is an example of a weakness?
a) Confident speaking
b) Creative writing
c) Difficulty solving math problems
d) Playing guitar well
Ans: c

95. External motivation includes _____
a) Personal happiness
b) Enjoying an activity
c) Prize or recognition
d) Healthy feeling
Ans: c

96. Which of these is a quality of self-motivated people?
a) Pessimism
b) Procrastination
c) Responsibility
d) Indifference
Ans: c

97. The story of the hare and tortoise teaches _____
a) Speed is everything
b) Slow and steady wins the race with motivation
c) Quitting is good
d) Overconfidence helps
Ans: b

98. Which of these is an example of a short-term goal?
a) Becoming a teacher in 10 years
b) Completing higher secondary in 2 years
c) Buying a house in 20 years
d) Retiring wealthy
Ans: b

99. What does the 'T' in SMART stand for?
a) Tough
b) Time-bound
c) Tiring
d) Trivial
Ans: b

100. Time management includes all EXCEPT _____
a) Organising
b) Prioritising
c) Tracking
d) Procrastinating
Ans: d

101. Which of these is a stressor?
a) Vacation
b) Lack of sleep
c) Playing games
d) Eating healthy
Ans: b

102. Emotional intelligence helps you to _____
a) Lose control
b) Have better relations
c) Become aggressive
d) Ignore others
Ans: b

103. Which of these is a step to build self-motivation?
a) Blaming others
b) Thinking negatively
c) Breaking tasks into smaller steps
d) Avoiding responsibility
Ans: c

104. Which of these is an example of an unrealistic goal?
a) "I will save ₹500 in 2 months"
b) "I will learn a new word every day"
c) "I will become CEO in one month"
d) "I will exercise twice a week"
Ans: c

105. Which of these is NOT a benefit of goal setting?
a) Focuses on end result
b) Increases confusion
c) Helps prioritise
d) Makes you successful
Ans: b

106. According to the textbook, stress management helps you to have a _____ life.
a) Stressful
b) Joyful
c) Complicated
d) Lazy
Ans: b

107. Which of these is a technique for identifying weaknesses?
a) Ignoring feedback
b) Looking at areas where you struggle
c) Only focusing on strengths
d) Avoiding self-reflection
Ans: b

108. Which of these is an example of an ability (strength)?
a) Liking music
b) Being curious about painting
c) Playing guitar very well
d) Wanting to learn dance
Ans: c

109. Which of these is a difference between interests and abilities?
a) Interests are natural, abilities are likes
b) Abilities are things you like to do; interests are skills
c) Interests are things you like; abilities are skills you have
d) No difference
Ans: c

110. What is the first step to manage stress?
a) Ignore it
b) Be aware that you are stressed
c) Eat more
d) Sleep all day
Ans: b

111. Which of these is an example of a 'To-Do' list?
a) List of movies
b) List of tasks ranked by importance
c) List of friends
d) List of songs
Ans: b

112. Which of these is a way to build self-motivation?
a) Start with difficult tasks
b) Do not reward yourself
c) Start with simple tasks
d) Avoid any plan
Ans: c

113. Which of these is an example of a long-term goal?
a) Doing homework tonight
b) Buying groceries tomorrow
c) Becoming a teacher in 5 years
d) Calling a friend today
Ans: c

114. Which of these is true about self-awareness?
a) It means ignoring your weakness
b) It means knowing your inner strengths and weaknesses
c) It means only knowing your name
d) It means comparing with others always
Ans: b

115. Which of these is a stress management technique related to diet?
a) Eating junk food
b) Skipping meals
c) Eating a balanced diet
d) Overeating
Ans: c

116. What does the 'C' in ABC of stress management stand for?
a) Cause
b) Consequences
c) Calm
d) Control
Ans: b

117. Which of these is a quality of an emotionally intelligent person?
a) Taking decisions abruptly
b) Being rational in thinking
c) Ignoring own emotions
d) Blaming others
Ans: b

118. Which of these is a tip for effective time management?
a) Do not make a timetable
b) Avoid prioritising
c) Use waiting time productively
d) Chat excessively
Ans: c

119. Which of these is an example of a 'Must Do' task?
a) Watching TV
b) Chating with friends
c) Completing homework
d) Playing games
Ans: c

120. The process of goal setting helps you to _____
a) Waste time
b) Have a clear vision
c) Avoid planning
d) Become lazy
Ans: b

Unit 3: ICT Skills (MCQs 121-180)

121. Which of these is an input device?
a) Monitor
b) Printer
c) Keyboard
d) Speaker
Ans: c

122. What does CPU stand for?
a) Central Processing Unit
b) Computer Personal Unit
c) Central Program Unit
d) Core Processing Unit
Ans: a

123. Which of these is an operating system?
a) Microsoft Word
b) Ubuntu
c) Google Chrome
d) Photoshop
Ans: b

124. What does BIOS stand for?
a) Basic Input Output System
b) Basic Internal Operating System
c) Binary Input Output System
d) Basic Internet Operating System
Ans: a

125. Which key is used to get help in most programs?
a) F1
b) F2
c) F3
d) F4
Ans: a

126. Which of these is a function of a mouse?
a) Type text
b) Drag and drop
c) Display images
d) Print documents
Ans: b

127. Which of these file extensions is for a text file?
a) .jpg
b) .mp3
c) .txt
d) .exe
Ans: c

128. Which shortcut key is used to copy a file?
a) Ctrl + X
b) Ctrl + C
c) Ctrl + V
d) Ctrl + Z
Ans: b

129. Which shortcut key is used to paste a file?
a) Ctrl + C
b) Ctrl + X
c) Ctrl + V
d) Ctrl + P
Ans: c

130. Which of these is a storage device?
a) Keyboard
b) Mouse
c) Hard disk
d) Monitor
Ans: c

131. What should you do to prevent others from using your computer?
a) Keep it always on
b) Use a password
c) Share your password
d) Remove antivirus
Ans: b

132. Which of these is an example of system software?
a) MS Paint
b) Calculator
c) Operating System
d) Games
Ans: c

133. What does 'POST' stand for?
a) Power On Self-Test
b) Program On Start Test
c) Process Operating System Test
d) Power Off System Test
Ans: a

134. Which of these is an input device?
a) Monitor
b) Printer
c) Mouse
d) Speaker
Ans: c

135. Which key deletes text to the left of the cursor?
a) Delete
b) Backspace
c) Insert
d) Enter
Ans: b

136. Which of these is NOT a function of an operating system?
a) Managing hardware
b) Displaying desktop
c) Typing letters
d) Running applications
Ans: c

137. What is the file extension for a document created in Notepad?
a) .doc
b) .txt
c) .pdf
d) .xls
Ans: b

138. Which shortcut key is used to undo an action?
a) Ctrl + Y
b) Ctrl + Z
c) Ctrl + R
d) Ctrl + U
Ans: b

139. Which of these is a folder?
a) A location to store files
b) A type of file
c) An operating system
d) A hardware device
Ans: a

140. To shut down a computer in Ubuntu, you click on _____
a) Start button
b) Systems button then Shut Down
c) Power button directly
d) Logout only
Ans: b

141. Which of these is a mobile operating system?
a) Windows 10
b) Android
c) Ubuntu
d) Mac OS
Ans: b

142. What does 'drag and drop' mean?
a) Click once
b) Double-click
c) Click, hold, move, release
d) Right-click
Ans: c

143. Which key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a line?
a) End
b) Home
c) Page Up
d) Page Down
Ans: b

144. Which of these is an output device?
a) Keyboard
b) Mouse
c) Monitor
d) Scanner
Ans: c

145. What is the file extension for an image file?
a) .txt
b) .mp3
c) .jpg
d) .exe
Ans: c

146. Which shortcut key is used to print a file?
a) Ctrl + P
b) Ctrl + Pr
c) Ctrl + Pt
d) Ctrl + Pp
Ans: a

147. Which of these is a function key?
a) A
b) Ctrl
c) F1
d) Enter
Ans: c

148. Which of these is a command key?
a) Home
b) Delete
c) Arrow key
d) Spacebar
Ans: b

149. To open a file, you usually _____ on it.
a) Hover
b) Right-click
c) Double-click
d) Scroll
Ans: c

150. Which of these is NOT a valid file extension?
a) .txt
b) .doc
c) .exe
d) .abc
Ans: d

151. Which of these is an example of hardware?
a) Microsoft Word
b) Operating System
c) Monitor
d) Antivirus
Ans: c

152. What is the purpose of a firewall?
a) To clean the screen
b) To monitor data coming in and out
c) To increase speed
d) To backup data
Ans: b

153. Which of these is a threat to computer security?
a) Antivirus
b) Firewall
c) Virus
d) Password
Ans: c

154. What does SPAM refer to?
a) Healthy emails
b) Unsolicited advertising emails
c) System files
d) Backup files
Ans: b

155. Which of these is a way to keep a computer cool?
a) Cover the fan
b) Leave in the sun
c) Ensure CPU fan is working
d) Overcharge battery
Ans: c

156. How often should you backup your data?
a) Never
b) Once a year
c) Weekly
d) Only when computer crashes
Ans: c

157. Which of these is a type of virus?
a) Firewall
b) Antivirus
c) Trojan Horse
d) Password
Ans: c

158. What does 'https' indicate?
a) A secure website
b) A slow website
c) A video website
d) A game website
Ans: a

159. Which of these is a navigation key?
a) Ctrl
b) Alt
c) Page Up
d) Shift
Ans: c

160. Which of these is an example of software piracy?
a) Buying licensed software
b) Using unauthorised copies
c) Installing antivirus
d) Backing up files
Ans: b

161. Which of these is an online predator?
a) A friendly person
b) Someone who traps you into inappropriate relationships
c) A virus
d) A firewall
Ans: b

162. Which of these is a physical threat?
a) Trojan Horse
b) Worm
c) Theft of laptop
d) Spam
Ans: c

163. Which of these is a strong password?
a) 12345
b) password
c) P@ssw0rd2024
d) abcdef
Ans: c

164. What is the function of antivirus software?
a) Increase computer speed
b) Prevent and clean viruses
c) Backup data
d) Clean the keyboard
Ans: b

165. Which of these is an example of identity theft?
a) Forgetting password
b) Hacker stealing personal information
c) Deleting a file
d) Installing software
Ans: b

166. Which of these is a daily maintenance activity?
a) Dust CPU
b) Clean up email inbox
c) Update operating system
d) Run disk-cleaner
Ans: b

167. Which of these is a monthly maintenance activity?
a) Clean keyboard
b) Backup data
c) Uninstall unused programs
d) Clean monitor
Ans: c

168. What is the function of the Enter key?
a) Delete text
b) Move cursor to new line
c) Capitalise letters
d) Open start menu
Ans: b

169. Which of these is an output device?
a) Scanner
b) Printer
c) Mouse
d) Keyboard
Ans: b

170. What does 'logging in' do?
a) Turns off the computer
b) Restricts access to authorised users
c) Deletes files
d) Installs software
Ans: b

171. Which of these is a worm?
a) A virus that replicates and spreads
b) A type of antivirus
c) A hardware device
d) A firewall
Ans: a

172. Which of these is NOT a basic file operation?
a) Create
b) Delete
c) Eat
d) Rename
Ans: c

173. Which key is used to redo an action?
a) Ctrl + Z
b) Ctrl + Y
c) Ctrl + R
d) Ctrl + U
Ans: b

174. Which of these is a control key?
a) F1
b) Alt
c) Home
d) Delete
Ans: b

175. What does 'hover' mean with a mouse?
a) Clicking
b) Double-clicking
c) Bringing mouse over an item
d) Dragging
Ans: c

176. Which of these is a function of the Windows key?
a) Delete files
b) Open Start menu
c) Copy text
d) Close window
Ans: b

177. Which of these is an example of a secure site indicator?
a) http://
b) https:// and lock symbol
c) www
d) .com
Ans: b

178. Which of these is a type of internet scam?
a) Lottery win requiring deposit
b) Antivirus update
c) Password change
d) System backup
Ans: a

179. Which of these is a way to increase computer performance?
a) Run many programs
b) Keep unnecessary files
c) Clean up temporary files
d) Ignore disk space
Ans: c

180. Which of these is true about data encryption?
a) It makes data visible to all
b) It forces use of decryption key
c) It deletes data
d) It slows down computer extremely
Ans: b

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills (MCQs 181-240)

181. What is an entrepreneur?
a) A wage employee
b) A self-employed person improving business
c) A government officer
d) A student
Ans: b

182. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Giving up easily
b) Confidence
c) Blaming others
d) Avoiding risk
Ans: b

183. What does 'capital' mean in business?
a) The city
b) The money to start a business
c) The employees
d) The product
Ans: b

184. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Ignoring customers
b) Managing the business
c) Avoiding decisions
d) Not taking risk
Ans: b

185. Which of these is a myth about entrepreneurship?
a) Entrepreneurs create jobs
b) Only a person with a big business is an entrepreneur
c) Entrepreneurs fulfill customer needs
d) Entrepreneurs help society
Ans: b

186. Which of these is an example of self-employment?
a) Working in a hospital as a doctor
b) Owning a clothing business
c) Driving a company car
d) Teaching in a school
Ans: b

187. Which of these is NOT a way entrepreneurs help society?
a) Creating jobs
b) Lowering product prices
c) Increasing pollution
d) Sharing wealth
Ans: c

188. Which of these is an example of demand?
a) A product no one wants
b) A product or service people want
c) A free product
d) An old product
Ans: b

189. Which of these is a quality of a successful entrepreneur?
a) Impatience
b) Not taking responsibility
c) Creativity
d) Fear of failure
Ans: c

190. Which of these is an example of wage employment?
a) Starting a shop
b) Cooking in a restaurant for salary
c) Having a dosa selling stall
d) Owning a factory
Ans: b

191. What is the first stage of the entrepreneurial career process?
a) Grow
b) Survive
c) Enter
d) Exit
Ans: c

192. Which of these is true about entrepreneurs?
a) They are born, not made
b) They can be made through learning
c) They never face loss
d) They need a lot of money always
Ans: b

193. Which of these is an example of using local materials?
a) Importing all materials
b) Buying jute from local farmer
c) Using only international products
d) Avoiding local market
Ans: b

194. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Avoiding risk
b) Making decisions
c) Ignoring employees
d) Not innovating
Ans: b

195. Which of these is a misconception about entrepreneurship?
a) Every business idea needs to be unique
b) Entrepreneurs work hard
c) Entrepreneurs need to be patient
d) Entrepreneurs take responsibility
Ans: a

196. Which of these is an example of innovation?
a) Selling same product as everyone
b) Adding luxury cars to rental business
c) Avoiding new ideas
d) Copying exactly
Ans: b

197. Which of these is a benefit of entrepreneurship to society?
a) Increase in unemployment
b) Higher prices always
c) Creation of jobs
d) No sharing of wealth
Ans: c

198. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Getting angry easily
b) Patience
c) Laziness
d) Pessimism
Ans: b

199. Which of these is an example of a business function?
a) Sleeping
b) Managing employees
c) Ignoring customers
d) Avoiding planning
Ans: b

200. Which of these is true about business ideas?
a) They must be completely new
b) They can be existing ideas with a twist
c) Only big ideas work
d) Ideas don't matter
Ans: b

201. Which of these is an example of an entrepreneur?
a) A person who works for a salary
b) A taxi driver who adds newspapers and TV for customers
c) A student
d) A retired person
Ans: b

202. What does 'survive' mean in entrepreneurial process?
a) Closing the business
b) Remaining in competitive market
c) Starting the business
d) Expanding business
Ans: b

203. Which of these is an example of sharing wealth?
a) Keeping all profits
b) Paying fair wages to employees
c) Avoiding taxes
d) Not hiring anyone
Ans: b

204. Which of these is a characteristic of an entrepreneur?
a) Fear of failure
b) Persistence
c) Indecisiveness
d) Laziness
Ans: b

205. Which of these is an example of 'grow' stage?
a) Starting a small shop
b) Opening more stores in other cities
c) Closing the shop
d) Not expanding
Ans: b

206. Which of these is a myth about entrepreneurs?
a) They need capital
b) They take risks
c) They are born, not made
d) They create products
Ans: c

207. Which of these is an example of lowering product prices?
a) Monopoly
b) More entrepreneurs selling same product
c) Less competition
d) No sellers
Ans: b

208. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Avoiding customers
b) Not planning
c) Dividing income
d) Ignoring feedback
Ans: c

209. Which of these is an example of a successful Indian entrepreneur?
a) Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati (MDH)
b) A random shopkeeper
c) A government clerk
d) A student
Ans: a

210. Which of these is true about capital?
a) Every business needs a lot of capital
b) Some businesses can start with small capital
c) Capital is not needed at all
d) Only gold is capital
Ans: b

211. Which of these is an example of customer need?
a) Selling ice in Antarctica
b) Selling warm clothes in cold region
c) Selling umbrellas in desert
d) Selling heaters in summer
Ans: b

212. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Not taking responsibility for mistakes
b) Thinking before making decisions
c) Giving up easily
d) Avoiding new ideas
Ans: b

213. Which of these is an example of a business idea?
a) Sleeping all day
b) Making plant pots from waste bottles
c) Wasting time
d) Ignoring problems
Ans: b

214. Which of these is a benefit of entrepreneurship?
a) Guaranteed salary
b) Being your own boss
c) No risk
d) Fixed working hours
Ans: b

215. Which of these is an example of an entrepreneur in the textbook?
a) A lazy person
b) A person who starts a business and innovates
c) A person who avoids work
d) A person who only works for others
Ans: b

216. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Creating a new product
b) Avoiding customers
c) Not managing funds
d) Ignoring market
Ans: a

217. Which of these is a myth about entrepreneurship?
a) You need to be hardworking
b) You need to be creative
c) You need to be patient
d) You need to have a unique idea that no one has ever thought of
Ans: d

218. Which of these is an example of wage employment?
a) Owning a factory
b) Running a shop
c) Working as a manager in a company
d) Starting a delivery service
Ans: c

219. Which of these is true about entrepreneurs and society?
a) They have a negative relationship
b) They help society grow
c) They only take from society
d) They ignore society
Ans: b

220. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Impatience
b) Creativity
c) Indifference
d) Pessimism
Ans: b

221. Which of these is an example of a business opportunity?
a) A problem that no one wants to solve
b) A problem that can be solved profitably
c) A situation with no customers
d) A product no one needs
Ans: b

222. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Avoiding risk
b) Taking calculated risk
c) Never innovating
d) Not managing business
Ans: b

223. Which of these is a misconception about entrepreneurs?
a) They can start small
b) They work hard
c) They need a lot of money to start
d) They are patient
Ans: c

224. Which of these is an example of an entrepreneur helping society?
a) Polluting environment
b) Building schools and hospitals
c) Avoiding taxes
d) Exploiting workers
Ans: b

225. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Not listening to customers
b) Being confident
c) Blaming others for mistakes
d) Avoiding responsibility
Ans: b

226. Which of these is an example of a career in entrepreneurship?
a) Working in a bank
b) Starting a business
c) Teaching in a school
d) Driving a company car
Ans: b

227. Which of these is true about the story of Bharti?
a) She imported all materials
b) She hired local women and used local jute
c) She worked alone
d) She avoided innovation
Ans: b

228. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Not planning
b) Making decisions after thinking
c) Avoiding feedback
d) Ignoring employees
Ans: b

229. Which of these is a myth about entrepreneurship?
a) Entrepreneurs face challenges
b) Only big businesses are entrepreneurial
c) Entrepreneurs need to be persistent
d) Entrepreneurs need to be creative
Ans: b

230. Which of these is an example of a business risk?
a) Guaranteed profit
b) Possibility of loss
c) No competition
d) Fixed income
Ans: b

231. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Giving up after first failure
b) Not giving up
c) Avoiding responsibility
d) Not listening
Ans: b

232. Which of these is an example of an entrepreneur in your locality?
a) A vegetable seller who uses plastic bags only
b) A vegetable seller who uses cloth bags and gives free herbs
c) A person who never tries new ideas
d) A person who avoids customers
Ans: b

233. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Not taking decisions
b) Managing the business
c) Avoiding new products
d) Ignoring income division
Ans: b

234. Which of these is true about entrepreneurship as a career?
a) It is a last resort option
b) It is a preferred and dignified choice
c) It is only for failures
d) It is not a real career
Ans: b

235. Which of these is an example of a sustainable business practice?
a) Using plastic bags
b) Using biodegradable materials
c) Cutting trees without replanting
d) Polluting water
Ans: b

236. Which of these is a quality of an entrepreneur?
a) Blaming others
b) Taking responsibility for actions
c) Avoiding decisions
d) Being lazy
Ans: b

237. Which of these is an example of creativity in business?
a) Copying exactly
b) Making edible cutlery
c) Avoiding new ideas
d) Sticking to old methods only
Ans: b

238. Which of these is a function of an entrepreneur?
a) Not hiring anyone
b) Creating jobs
c) Avoiding expansion
d) Ignoring customers
Ans: b

239. Which of these is a misconception about entrepreneurship?
a) Entrepreneurs work hard
b) Entrepreneurs take risks
c) Entrepreneurs are born, not made
d) Entrepreneurs help society
Ans: c

240. Which of these is true about the entrepreneurial mindset?
a) Believing nothing is possible
b) Believing anything is possible
c) Avoiding challenges
d) Not setting goals
Ans: b

Unit 5: Green Skills (MCQs 241-300)

241. What is sustainable development?
a) Development that ignores future
b) Development that meets present needs without compromising future
c) Development that uses all resources now
d) Development that only focuses on economy
Ans: b

242. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?
a) 15
b) 16
c) 17
d) 18
Ans: c

243. Which organisation launched the SDGs?
a) World Bank
b) United Nations
c) WHO
d) UNESCO
Ans: b

244. Which of these is a renewable source of energy?
a) Coal
b) Petrol
c) Solar energy
d) Natural gas
Ans: c

245. Which of these is an example of sustainable practice?
a) Using plastic bags
b) Organic farming
c) Cutting all trees
d) Dumping garbage in rivers
Ans: b

246. What is organic farming?
a) Using chemical pesticides
b) Using natural fertilisers like cow dung
c) Using only machines
d) Destroying soil
Ans: b

247. Which of these helps in sustainable development?
a) Planting more trees
b) Cutting trees without replanting
c) Wasting water
d) Using non-renewable fuels excessively
Ans: a

248. Which of these is a problem related to sustainable development?
a) Abundant clean water
b) Soil degradation
c) Unlimited fuel
d) Clean air everywhere
Ans: b

249. Which of these is a sustainable development initiative?
a) Using plastic cutlery
b) Using edible cutlery
c) Burning wood
d) Using chemical fertilisers
Ans: b

250. What is the goal of SDG 4?
a) Clean water
b) Quality education
c) Reduced inequalities
d) Life below water
Ans: b

251. Which of these is a way to save water?
a) Leaving taps open
b) Repairing leaking taps
c) Wasting water
d) Using more water than needed
Ans: b

252. Which of these is a way to reduce plastic waste?
a) Using plastic bags
b) Taking cloth bags to market
c) Burning plastic
d) Throwing plastic in rivers
Ans: b

253. Which of these is a benefit of using clay pots (Kulhads)?
a) Increases tree cutting
b) Creates jobs for potters
c) Increases plastic waste
d) Uses more energy
Ans: b

254. Which of these is a sustainable source of energy?
a) Biogas
b) Petrol
c) Diesel
d) Coal
Ans: a

255. Which of these is a sustainable development goal?
a) Population increase
b) Gender Equality
c) More waste
d) Deforestation
Ans: b

256. Which of these is a way to protect life on land?
a) Cutting trees
b) Planting more trees
c) Using chemical fertilisers
d) Dumping waste on land
Ans: b

257. Which of these is a way to protect life below water?
a) Dumping plastic in oceans
b) Reducing plastic waste
c) Throwing garbage in seas
d) Overfishing
Ans: b

258. Which of these is a sustainable city practice?
a) Using energy-efficient LED bulbs
b) Wasting electricity
c) Using non-renewable energy only
d) Not recycling
Ans: a

259. Which of these is a way to reduce inequality?
a) Excluding others
b) Being helpful to everyone
c) Discriminating
d) Only playing with one group
Ans: b

260. Which of these is a way to achieve decent work and economic growth?
a) Not studying
b) Learning and developing skills
c) Avoiding jobs
d) Not contributing to society
Ans: b

261. What is the problem with chemical fertilisers?
a) They are cheap
b) They spoil the soil
c) They are natural
d) They increase soil fertility long-term
Ans: b

262. Which of these is an example of a renewable resource?
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Sunlight
d) Natural gas
Ans: c

263. Which of these is a way to help achieve quality education?
a) Dropping out of school
b) Taking friends to school
c) Avoiding studies
d) Not helping others study
Ans: b

264. Which of these is a way to achieve clean water and sanitation?
a) Open defecation
b) Building toilets
c) Polluting water sources
d) Wasting water
Ans: b

265. Which of these is a way to achieve affordable and clean energy?
a) Using only coal
b) Using solar power
c) Burning wood
d) Using diesel generators
Ans: b

266. Which of these is NOT a sustainable practice?
a) Vermicomposting
b) Rainwater harvesting
c) Using chemical pesticides
d) Organic farming
Ans: c

267. Which of these is a benefit of solar power?
a) Causes pollution
b) Uses non-renewable resources
c) Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
d) Is expensive always
Ans: c

268. Which of these is a way to reduce food waste?
a) Taking more than you can eat
b) Taking only what you need
c) Throwing leftovers
d) Buying excess food
Ans: b

269. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to climate?
a) More pollution
b) Climate action
c) More deforestation
d) More waste
Ans: b

270. Which of these is a way to make sustainable cities?
a) Using natural light
b) Wasting electricity
c) Using plastic bags
d) Not recycling
Ans: a

271. What is vermicomposting?
a) Using chemicals to make compost
b) Using worms to make compost
c) Burning waste
d) Dumping waste in water
Ans: b

272. Which of these is a sustainable development goal?
a) More poverty
b) No poverty
c) More hunger
d) Less education
Ans: b

273. Which of these is a way to reduce pollution?
a) Burning plastic
b) Using public transport
c) Dumping waste in rivers
d) Using chemical fertilisers excessively
Ans: b

274. What is the purpose of rainwater harvesting?
a) To waste water
b) To collect and store rainwater
c) To pollute water
d) To destroy water sources
Ans: b

275. Which of these is a sustainable practice at home?
a) Leaving lights on when not needed
b) Switching off fans when leaving a room
c) Wasting food
d) Using plastic bags
Ans: b

276. Which of these is a way to protect biodiversity?
a) Cutting forests
b) Planting native trees
c) Using pesticides
d) Polluting rivers
Ans: b

277. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to water?
a) More water pollution
b) Clean water and sanitation
c) Wasting water
d) No access to water
Ans: b

278. Which of these is a way to reduce carbon footprint?
a) Using more electricity
b) Using energy-efficient appliances
c) Burning more fossil fuels
d) Cutting more trees
Ans: b

279. Which of these is a benefit of planting trees?
a) Increases soil erosion
b) Reduces air pollution
c) Increases temperature
d) Causes floods
Ans: b

280. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to energy?
a) More non-renewable energy
b) Affordable and clean energy
c) More pollution
d) Wasting energy
Ans: b

281. Which of these is a way to reduce plastic pollution?
a) Using single-use plastics
b) Recycling plastic
c) Burning plastic
d) Throwing plastic in oceans
Ans: b

282. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to cities?
a) More pollution in cities
b) Sustainable cities and communities
c) More waste in cities
d) Less green spaces
Ans: b

283. Which of these is a way to save electricity?
a) Using incandescent bulbs
b) Using LED bulbs
c) Leaving appliances on standby
d) Using more devices than needed
Ans: b

284. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to inequality?
a) More inequality
b) Reduced inequalities
c) Discrimination
d) Exclusion
Ans: b

285. Which of these is a way to achieve responsible consumption?
a) Buying more than needed
b) Buying only what is necessary
c) Wasting resources
d) Using disposable products
Ans: b

286. Which of these is a benefit of organic farming?
a) Chemical free crops
b) Soil degradation
c) Water pollution
d) Health problems
Ans: a

287. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to life on land?
a) More deforestation
b) Life on land
c) More desertification
d) Less biodiversity
Ans: b

288. Which of these is a way to protect forests?
a) Cutting trees for furniture
b) Planting more trees than you cut
c) Burning forests
d) Using wood for fuel only
Ans: b

289. Which of these is a renewable energy source?
a) Coal
b) Wind energy
c) Petrol
d) Diesel
Ans: b

290. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to partnership?
a) More conflict
b) Partnerships for the goals
c) Isolation
d) No cooperation
Ans: b

291. Which of these is a way to reduce air pollution?
a) Burning fossil fuels
b) Using electric vehicles
c) Cutting trees
d) Using chemical sprays
Ans: b

292. Which of these is a benefit of rainwater harvesting?
a) Increases water scarcity
b) Recharges groundwater
c) Causes flooding
d) Pollutes water
Ans: b

293. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to industry?
a) More pollution from industry
b) Industry, innovation and infrastructure
c) Less innovation
d) Destroying infrastructure
Ans: b

294. Which of these is a way to reduce food waste?
a) Buying in bulk without plan
b) Planning meals before shopping
c) Throwing leftovers
d) Cooking more than needed
Ans: b

295. Which of these is a sustainable practice in agriculture?
a) Monocropping
b) Crop rotation
c) Using excessive water
d) Burning crop residues
Ans: b

296. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to justice?
a) No justice
b) Peace, justice and strong institutions
c) More crime
d) Corruption
Ans: b

297. Which of these is a way to reduce noise pollution?
a) Honking unnecessarily
b) Using silencers in vehicles
c) Playing loud music
d) Using loudspeakers at night
Ans: b

298. Which of these is a benefit of using public transport?
a) More pollution
b) Less traffic and less pollution
c) More fuel consumption
d) More individual vehicles
Ans: b

299. Which of these is a sustainable development goal related to health?
a) More disease
b) Good health and well-being
c) No healthcare
d) Unhealthy lifestyles
Ans: b

300. Which of these is a way to contribute to sustainable development as a student?
a) Wasting paper
b) Recycling and reusing
c) Leaving lights on
d) Wasting water
Ans: b

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PART B: 100 ASSERTION AND REASON QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Instructions: In each question, there are two statements: Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose the correct option:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

Unit 1: Communication Skills (AR 1-25)

1. Assertion (A): Communication is a cycle.
Reason (R): The sender transmits a message, the receiver gives feedback, completing the cycle.
Ans: a

2. Assertion (A): Non-verbal communication is very important.
Reason (R): 93% of communication is non-verbal.
Ans: a

3. Assertion (A): Maintaining eye contact is a positive facial expression.
Reason (R): Eye contact shows confidence and attentiveness.
Ans: a

4. Assertion (A): Feedback is not necessary for communication to be complete.
Reason (R): The sender can just send a message without any response.
Ans: d (A false, R false? Actually feedback is necessary, so A false, R false? R is also false because feedback is necessary) – Ans: d (Both false)

5. Assertion (A): Visual communication uses images and pictures.
Reason (R): Visual communication is universal and does not require knowledge of a particular language.
Ans: a

6. Assertion (A): Physical barriers like noise can affect communication.
Reason (R): Physical barriers are the easiest to overcome.
Ans: b

7. Assertion (A): In active voice, the subject receives the action.
Reason (R): "A book is being read by Radha" is active voice.
Ans: d (A false, R false)

8. Assertion (A): A sentence must have a subject and a verb.
Reason (R): "Pooja goes" is not a complete sentence.
Ans: c (A true, R false – "Pooja goes" is a sentence? Actually textbook says it’s a phrase, so R is true? Let's check: Textbook says "Pooja goes" is a phrase not complete thought. So A true, R true but not explanation? Actually a sentence must have subject and verb, so R explains A? Ans: a)

9. Assertion (A): Exclamatory sentences end with an exclamation mark.
Reason (R): Exclamatory sentences express strong emotions.
Ans: a

10. Assertion (A): Using simple language helps overcome communication barriers.
Reason (R): Complex language and jargon can cause misunderstandings.
Ans: a

11. Assertion (A): Interpersonal communication takes place between two individuals.
Reason (R): A board meeting is an example of interpersonal communication.
Ans: c (A true, R false – board meeting is small group)

12. Assertion (A): The word 'because' is a conjunction.
Reason (R): Conjunctions join two nouns, phrases or sentences.
Ans: a

13. Assertion (A): Capitalisation rules are important for clear writing.
Reason (R): The 'TINS' rule helps capitalise words correctly.
Ans: a

14. Assertion (A): A paragraph is a group of random sentences.
Reason (R): All sentences in a paragraph must have a common theme.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

15. Assertion (A): In the sentence "She bought a bicycle for her son", 'bicycle' is the indirect object.
Reason (R): Direct object receives the action directly.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

16. Assertion (A): Feedback should always be polite and specific.
Reason (R): Harsh feedback can offend the recipient and lose its impact.
Ans: a

17. Assertion (A): Cultural barriers arise when people of different cultures interact.
Reason (R): Stereotypical assumptions about other cultures can cause misunderstandings.
Ans: a

18. Assertion (A): The ENTER key is used to type punctuation marks.
Reason (R): ENTER key moves cursor to a new line or confirms a task.
Ans: d (A false, R true – ENTER does not type punctuation)

19. Assertion (A): The 7 Cs of communication include 'Complete' and 'Courteous'.
Reason (R): Complete means including all necessary information; Courteous means being polite.
Ans: a

20. Assertion (A): Interjections express strong emotions like happiness or surprise.
Reason (R): 'Wow!' and 'Help!' are examples of interjections.
Ans: a

21. Assertion (A): Passive voice sentences are always better than active voice.
Reason (R): Passive voice makes writing more direct.
Ans: d (A false, R false – passive is not always better, active is more direct)

22. Assertion (A): A comma is used to separate items in a list.
Reason (R): Example: "I bought apples, bananas, and oranges."
Ans: a

23. Assertion (A): Written communication includes emails, letters, and reports.
Reason (R): Written communication can be between two or more people.
Ans: a

24. Assertion (A): Stage fear is an interpersonal barrier to communication.
Reason (R): Stage fear makes it difficult to communicate effectively in front of an audience.
Ans: a

25. Assertion (A): Nodding while listening is a positive non-verbal cue.
Reason (R): Nodding shows that you are attentive and understanding.
Ans: a

Unit 2: Self-management Skills (AR 26-50)

26. Assertion (A): Stress can sometimes be helpful.
Reason (R): Stress from a deadline can motivate you to complete work on time.
Ans: a

27. Assertion (A): Self-management is also called self-control.
Reason (R): Self-management involves controlling emotions, thoughts, and behaviour.
Ans: a

28. Assertion (A): Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage only your own emotions.
Reason (R): Emotional intelligence includes managing others' emotions as well.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

29. Assertion (A): SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound.
Reason (R): "I want to be rich" is a SMART goal.
Ans: c (A true, R false)

30. Assertion (A): Time management is about planning and controlling how you spend your hours.
Reason (R): Time management helps you complete tasks on time and reduce stress.
Ans: a

31. Assertion (A): Internal motivation comes from rewards and recognition.
Reason (R): External motivation comes from personal satisfaction.
Ans: d (Both false – swapped)

32. Assertion (A): Self-awareness helps in converting weaknesses into strengths.
Reason (R): Knowing your weaknesses allows you to work on improving them.
Ans: a

33. Assertion (A): The story of the hare and tortoise teaches us that speed is always the key to success.
Reason (R): The tortoise won because it was motivated and did not give up.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

34. Assertion (A): Goal setting helps you focus on the end result.
Reason (R): Goals allow you to separate what is important from what is not.
Ans: a

35. Assertion (A): Prioritising tasks means ranking them in order of importance.
Reason (R): A 'Must Do' task is more important than a 'Nice to Do' task.
Ans: a

36. Assertion (A): Stress management helps you have a joyful life.
Reason (R): Stress management reduces anxiety and improves well-being.
Ans: a

37. Assertion (A): The ABC of stress management includes Adversity, Beliefs, and Consequences.
Reason (R): Beliefs are the way you respond to a stressful event.
Ans: a

38. Assertion (A): Getting 7 hours of sleep is not important for stress management.
Reason (R): Sleep recharges the brain and body.
Ans: c (A false, R true)

39. Assertion (A): Interests and abilities are the same thing.
Reason (R): Interests are things you like; abilities are skills you have.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

40. Assertion (A): Breaking big goals into smaller parts makes them achievable.
Reason (R): Smaller goals are easier to work on and track progress.
Ans: a

41. Assertion (A): A realistic goal is something impossible to achieve.
Reason (R): Realistic goals should be within your reach with effort.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

42. Assertion (A): Time management includes organising, prioritising, controlling, and tracking.
Reason (R): Making a 'To-Do' list is a way to prioritise tasks.
Ans: a

43. Assertion (A): Being emotionally intelligent helps you manage stress better.
Reason (R): Emotional intelligence allows you to regulate your emotions.
Ans: a

44. Assertion (A): Taking a holiday can help reduce stress.
Reason (R): Holidays break the normal routine and allow relaxation.
Ans: a

45. Assertion (A): Mr. E. Shreedharan was an example of a self-motivated person.
Reason (R): He motivated his team with dedication and respect.
Ans: a

46. Assertion (A): Procrastination is a good time management technique.
Reason (R): Delaying tasks helps you do them better.
Ans: d (A false, R false)

47. Assertion (A): The 'M' in SMART stands for 'Meaningful'.
Reason (R): Measurable goals answer 'How much?' and 'How many?'.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

48. Assertion (A): Self-motivated people do not take responsibility for their mistakes.
Reason (R): Taking responsibility is a quality of self-motivated people.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

49. Assertion (A): A 'NO DISTURBANCE ZONE' helps in time management.
Reason (R): It allows you to focus on important tasks without interruptions.
Ans: a

50. Assertion (A): External motivation is driven by love and personal satisfaction.
Reason (R): Getting a prize is an example of external motivation.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

Unit 3: ICT Skills (AR 51-70)

51. Assertion (A): Hardware is the physical part of a computer.
Reason (R): The monitor, keyboard, and CPU are examples of hardware.
Ans: a

52. Assertion (A): An operating system is application software.
Reason (R): Operating system is system software that manages hardware.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

53. Assertion (A): Ctrl + V is used to copy a file.
Reason (R): Ctrl + C is used to paste a file.
Ans: d (Both false – Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste)

54. Assertion (A): A .txt file is created using Notepad.
Reason (R): Notepad is a text editor.
Ans: a

55. Assertion (A): You should leave your computer plugged in even after it is 100% charged.
Reason (R): Overcharging reduces battery life.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

56. Assertion (A): Antivirus software protects a computer from viruses.
Reason (R): Viruses can damage data and steal information.
Ans: a

57. Assertion (A): SPAM emails should be responded to immediately.
Reason (R): SPAM is unsolicited advertising and can be harmful.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

58. Assertion (A): The F1 key is used to get help in most programs.
Reason (R): Function keys perform specific functions depending on the program.
Ans: a

59. Assertion (A): A folder is a location where files are stored.
Reason (R): Files can be copied, moved, renamed, or deleted.
Ans: b

60. Assertion (A): Backup means saving data to another device.
Reason (R): Backup protects data from loss in case of computer crash.
Ans: a

61. Assertion (A): A firewall monitors data coming in and out of a computer.
Reason (R): Firewall prevents viruses from entering.
Ans: a

62. Assertion (A): A strong password contains only letters.
Reason (R): Passwords with letters, numbers, and special characters are harder to hack.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

63. Assertion (A): Clicking a file selects it; double-clicking opens it.
Reason (R): The mouse is used for pointing and selecting.
Ans: a

64. Assertion (A): A Trojan Horse is a useful software program.
Reason (R): A Trojan Horse disguises itself but behaves like a virus.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

65. Assertion (A): You should eat over your keyboard to keep it clean.
Reason (R): Crumbs can damage the internal parts of a keyboard.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

66. Assertion (A): The Navigation keys include Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down.
Reason (R): These keys are used to move around in a document.
Ans: a

67. Assertion (A): Https:// indicates an insecure website.
Reason (R): The lock symbol in the address bar indicates a secure site.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

68. Assertion (A): Deleting temporary files can improve computer performance.
Reason (R): Unnecessary files take up hard disk space and slow down the computer.
Ans: a

69. Assertion (A): Online predators are viruses that attack computers.
Reason (R): Online predators trap people into inappropriate relationships.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

70. Assertion (A): You should backup your data only once a year.
Reason (R): Regular backup (weekly) is recommended for safety.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills (AR 71-85)

71. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurs help society by creating jobs.
Reason (R): As businesses grow, entrepreneurs hire more people.
Ans: a

72. Assertion (A): Every business idea needs to be completely unique.
Reason (R): Existing ideas can be improved with new features.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

73. Assertion (A): A person needs a lot of money to start any business.
Reason (R): Some businesses can start with small capital and grow over time.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

74. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurs are born, not made.
Reason (R): Entrepreneurial skills can be learned and developed.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

75. Assertion (A): Taking responsibility for mistakes is a quality of an entrepreneur.
Reason (R): Successful entrepreneurs do not blame others.
Ans: a

76. Assertion (A): Wage employment means working for yourself.
Reason (R): Self-employment means starting your own business.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

77. Assertion (A): The 'Enter' stage of entrepreneurship is about expanding the business.
Reason (R): 'Grow' stage is when the business starts.
Ans: d (A false, R false – Enter is starting, Grow is expanding)

78. Assertion (A): Using local materials helps reduce costs.
Reason (R): Local materials are easily available and often cheaper.
Ans: a

79. Assertion (A): Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati started MDH with a small shop.
Reason (R): Hard work and clear ideas made MDH a popular brand.
Ans: a

80. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurs should avoid taking any risks.
Reason (R): Calculated risks are necessary for business growth.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

81. Assertion (A): Only people with big businesses are entrepreneurs.
Reason (R): A small taxi driver who innovates is also an entrepreneur.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

82. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurs fulfill customer needs.
Reason (R): They identify demand in the market and create products or services.
Ans: a

83. Assertion (A): Being confident is not important for an entrepreneur.
Reason (R): Confidence helps entrepreneurs believe in themselves and their abilities.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

84. Assertion (A): More entrepreneurs selling the same product increases the price.
Reason (R): Competition usually lowers prices.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

85. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurship is a preferred and dignified career choice.
Reason (R): The NSQF promotes vocational education and entrepreneurship.
Ans: a

Unit 5: Green Skills (AR 86-100)

86. Assertion (A): Sustainable development focuses only on economic growth.
Reason (R): It balances economic growth, environment, and social well-being.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

87. Assertion (A): The United Nations created the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
Reason (R): The SDGs aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity.
Ans: a

88. Assertion (A): Organic farming uses chemical fertilisers to increase production.
Reason (R): Organic farming uses natural fertilisers like cow dung.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

89. Assertion (A): Using solar energy is a sustainable practice.
Reason (R): Solar energy is renewable and does not cause pollution.
Ans: a

90. Assertion (A): Planting trees helps protect life on land.
Reason (R): Trees prevent soil erosion and provide oxygen.
Ans: a

91. Assertion (A): Using plastic bags is good for the environment.
Reason (R): Plastic bags are biodegradable.
Ans: d (Both false)

92. Assertion (A): Rainwater harvesting helps conserve water.
Reason (R): It collects and stores rainwater for future use.
Ans: a

93. Assertion (A): SDG 4 is about quality education.
Reason (R): Education helps people become aware of their role as responsible citizens.
Ans: a

94. Assertion (A): Throwing garbage into rivers is a sustainable practice.
Reason (R): It keeps the land clean.
Ans: d (Both false)

95. Assertion (A): Using energy-efficient LED bulbs saves electricity.
Reason (R): LED bulbs consume less energy than traditional bulbs.
Ans: a

96. Assertion (A): Vermicomposting uses chemicals to make compost.
Reason (R): Vermicomposting uses worms to decompose organic waste.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

97. Assertion (A): Reducing, reusing, and recycling are important for sustainable development.
Reason (R): These practices reduce waste and conserve resources.
Ans: a

98. Assertion (A): The Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat has reduced dependence on fossil fuels.
Reason (R): It is a mega solar power plant that generates renewable energy.
Ans: a

99. Assertion (A): Biogas is a non-renewable source of energy.
Reason (R): Biogas is produced from organic waste and is renewable.
Ans: d (A false, R true)

100. Assertion (A): You can contribute to sustainable development by taking cloth bags to the market.
Reason (R): Cloth bags are reusable and reduce plastic waste.
Ans: a

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PART C: 100 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQs) WITH ANSWERS

Unit 1: Communication Skills (SAQs 1-25)

1. What is communication?
Ans: Communication is the process of sharing information, ideas, or feelings between two or more people. It comes from the Latin word 'communicare' meaning 'to share'.

2. What are the three important parts of communication?
Ans: The three important parts are: (1) Transmitting the message, (2) Listening/understanding the message, and (3) Feedback to complete the cycle.

3. Name the five elements of the communication cycle.
Ans: Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver, Feedback.

4. What is verbal communication?
Ans: Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language, and speech. It involves expressing emotions and ideas through spoken or written words.

5. List three types of verbal communication.
Ans: Interpersonal communication, Written communication, Small group communication.

6. Give two examples of interpersonal communication.
Ans: (1) A manager discussing performance with an employee, (2) Two friends discussing homework.

7. What is non-verbal communication?
Ans: Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information without using spoken or written words, through gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact, etc.

8. What percentage of communication is non-verbal according to the textbook?
Ans: About 93% of communication is non-verbal – 55% body language, 38% voice tone, and only 7% words.

9. List three types of non-verbal communication.
Ans: Facial expressions, Posture, Gestures/Body language.

10. What is visual communication? Give an example.
Ans: Visual communication exchanges information through images or pictures. Example: 'No pets allowed' sign, 'Under construction' sign.

11. What is feedback in communication?
Ans: Feedback is the receiver's acknowledgement and response to the message, which helps complete the communication cycle.

12. Give two examples of positive feedback.
Ans: (1) "I noticed you finished the work perfectly. Great job!" (2) "I really appreciate you taking that call."

13. What are the 7 Cs of effective communication?
Ans: Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous.

14. Name two barriers to effective communication.
Ans: Physical barriers, Linguistic barriers, Interpersonal barriers, Organisational barriers, Cultural barriers. (Any two)

15. What is a linguistic barrier?
Ans: A linguistic barrier is the inability to communicate using a common language, leading to misunderstandings due to slang, jargon, or different languages.

16. List two ways to overcome communication barriers.
Ans: (1) Use simple language, (2) Be respectful of others' opinions, (3) Use visuals, (4) Take help of a translator. (Any two)

17. What is the TINS rule for capitalisation?
Ans: T: Titles (Dr., Mr.), I: Pronoun 'I', N: Names of people/places/days/months, S: Start of sentences.

18. Define a sentence.
Ans: A sentence is a group of words that communicates a complete thought. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a question mark, full stop, or exclamation mark.

19. What is a noun? Give an example.
Ans: A noun is a naming word that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. Example: Kavita, book, tiger, truth.

20. What is an adjective? Give an example.
Ans: An adjective is a word that describes a noun. Example: In "Kavita bought a best-selling book", 'best-selling' describes the book.

21. What is a verb? Give an example.
Ans: A verb is a word that shows action. Example: Run, eat, think, sit, buy.

22. What is an adverb? Give an example.
Ans: An adverb is a word that adds meaning to a verb by answering how, when, or where. Example: In "Kavita quickly read her book", 'quickly' tells how she read.

23. What is the difference between active and passive voice?
Ans: In active voice, the subject does the action (Radha reads a book). In passive voice, the subject receives the action (A book is read by Radha).

24. What are the four types of sentences based on purpose?
Ans: Declarative (statement), Interrogative (question), Exclamatory (emotion), Imperative (order/command).

25. What is a paragraph?
Ans: A paragraph is a group of sentences that have a common idea or theme.

Unit 2: Self-management Skills (SAQs 26-45)

26. What is self-management?
Ans: Self-management, also called self-control, is the ability to control one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviour effectively in different situations.

27. Define stress.
Ans: Stress is our emotional, mental, physical, and social reaction to any perceived demands or threats (stressors).

28. What is stress management?
Ans: Stress management is making a plan to cope effectively with daily pressures to strike a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation, and fun.

29. What does ABC stand for in stress management?
Ans: A = Adversity (stressful event), B = Beliefs (way you respond), C = Consequences (actions and outcomes).

30. List three stress management techniques.
Ans: (1) Time management, (2) Physical exercise and fresh air, (3) Healthy diet, (4) Positivity, (5) Sleep, (6) Holidays. (Any three)

31. What is emotional intelligence?
Ans: Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage one's own emotions as well as the emotions of others.

32. What are the three skills of emotional intelligence?
Ans: (1) Emotional awareness, (2) Harnessing emotions, (3) Managing emotions.

33. What is self-awareness?
Ans: Self-awareness is the ability to identify your own strengths and weaknesses.

34. Give two examples of strengths.
Ans: (1) I am good at creative writing, (2) I am confident speaking in front of an audience.

35. Give two examples of weaknesses.
Ans: (1) I find it difficult to solve mathematics problems, (2) I do not like to lose in games.

36. What is self-motivation?
Ans: Self-motivation is the force within you that drives you to do things to achieve goals, feel happy, and improve quality of life.

37. What is internal motivation? Give an example.
Ans: Internal motivation comes from within because an activity makes you happy or feel good. Example: Learning dancing for annual day because you enjoy it.

38. What is external motivation? Give an example.
Ans: External motivation comes from rewards, recognition, or appreciation. Example: Winning a prize in a race and then practising every morning.

39. What are SMART goals?
Ans: SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound.

40. What is the difference between a specific and non-specific goal?
Ans: Non-specific: "I would learn to speak English." Specific: "I would learn English fluently in six months by joining coaching classes."

41. What is time management?
Ans: Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend your hours to do all that you want to do effectively.

42. List the four steps of time management mentioned in the textbook.
Ans: Organise, Prioritise, Control, Track.

43. What is a 'To-Do' list?
Ans: A 'To-Do' list is a list of activities ranked in order of importance to get the most important tasks done first.

44. How can you identify your weaknesses?
Ans: By pointing out areas where you struggle, looking at feedback from others, and accepting weaknesses as areas of improvement.

45. Why is goal setting important?
Ans: Goal setting helps you decide how to live your life, where you want to be, and helps focus on the end result instead of less important work.

Unit 3: ICT Skills (SAQs 46-65)

46. What is hardware? Give two examples.
Ans: Hardware is the physical, touchable parts of a computer. Examples: Keyboard, monitor, CPU, mouse.

47. What is software? Give an example.
Ans: Software is a set of instructions that makes hardware work. Example: Operating system, games, Microsoft Word.

48. What is an operating system? Give two examples.
Ans: An operating system is the most important software that starts when you switch on a computer. Examples: Ubuntu, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Android.

49. What is BIOS?
Ans: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a basic program that runs automatically when a computer is switched on and performs a self-test.

50. Why do we need a login ID and password?
Ans: A login ID and password ensure that no unauthorised person can see or make changes to our information without permission.

51. What is the function of the ENTER key?
Ans: The ENTER key moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line and is also used to send commands and confirm tasks.

52. Name any four control keys on a keyboard.
Ans: CTRL, SHIFT, ALT, CAPS LOCK, TAB. (Any four)

53. What is the difference between DELETE and BACKSPACE?
Ans: DELETE removes text to the right of the cursor, while BACKSPACE removes text to the left of the cursor.

54. What is a file?
Ans: A file is where all information stored in a computer is kept. Each file has a name and an extension (e.g., .txt, .jpg).

55. What is a folder?
Ans: A folder is a location where a group of files can be stored.

56. What is the shortcut key for copy, cut, and paste?
Ans: Copy: Ctrl + C, Cut: Ctrl + X, Paste: Ctrl + V.

57. Why should we keep a computer clean?
Ans: A computer is a delicate machine with moving electronic parts. Dust and damage can make it work inefficiently. Cleaning helps it last longer.

58. List two daily maintenance activities for a computer.
Ans: (1) Clean up email inbox, (2) Download email attachments and save in proper folders.

59. What is data backup?
Ans: Data backup is saving information from a computer onto another device (CD/DVD, hard disk) so that data can be recovered if the computer stops working.

60. What is a computer virus?
Ans: A computer virus is a program that can damage data and software or steal information stored on a computer.

61. What is SPAM?
Ans: SPAM is unsolicited advertising emails from companies trying to attract you to their websites. You should never respond to SPAM.

62. What is a firewall?
Ans: A firewall monitors data coming in and out of a computer and prevents viruses from entering.

63. What is a strong password?
Ans: A strong password is a mix of small letters, capital letters, numbers, and special characters, making it difficult to hack.

64. What is an online predator?
Ans: An online predator is a person who traps others into inappropriate relationships online, often posing as someone their age.

65. What does 'https' indicate on a website?
Ans: 'https' and a lock symbol indicate a secure website where it is safe to give credit card and bank details.

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills (SAQs 66-85)

66. What is an entrepreneur?
Ans: An entrepreneur is a self-employed person who is always trying to make their business better by taking risks and trying new ideas.

67. What is the difference between wage employment and self-employment?
Ans: Wage employed people work for an organization and get a salary. Self-employed people start their own businesses to satisfy needs.

68. List three qualities of a successful entrepreneur.
Ans: Confident, patient, creative, hardworking, takes responsibility, does not give up. (Any three)

69. What is capital in business?
Ans: Capital is the money used to start a business.

70. How do entrepreneurs help society? (Give two ways)
Ans: (1) Create jobs, (2) Share wealth, (3) Lower product prices, (4) Use local materials, (5) Help society through schools/hospitals. (Any two)

71. What is demand?
Ans: Demand is a product or service that people want.

72. Give an example of an entrepreneur using local materials from the textbook.
Ans: Bharti from Bihar bought jute from a local farmer to make earrings.

73. What are the three stages of an entrepreneurial career process?
Ans: Enter, Survive, Grow.

74. What is a myth about entrepreneurship?
Ans: A myth is a false belief. Example: "Entrepreneurs are born, not made" or "You need a lot of money to start a business."

75. Why is the story of Sheila the taxi driver given as an example of an entrepreneur?
Ans: Sheila was a taxi driver who added newspapers, a TV, and helpful information for customers. She was innovative and tried to be different, so she is an entrepreneur even though her business was small.

76. What is the 'Grow' stage of entrepreneurship?
Ans: When the business is stable and the entrepreneur thinks about expanding the business, for example, opening more stores in other cities.

77. Give an example of a common business idea that became successful with innovation.
Ans: Ganesh started a car rental business and added luxury cars like Mercedes and BMW, making his business different and successful.

78. What does 'taking responsibility for mistakes' mean for an entrepreneur?
Ans: It means not blaming others, apologising if needed, and planning better next time.

79. How can you become an entrepreneur according to the textbook?
Ans: By believing that anything is possible, thinking of an idea you want to work on, and making it different. Entrepreneurial skills can be learned.

80. What is the meaning of 'survive' in the entrepreneurial process?
Ans: 'Survive' means remaining in a competitive market despite many other entrepreneurs.

81. How do entrepreneurs lower product prices?
Ans: When more entrepreneurs sell the same product, competition increases, and the price of the product goes down.

82. What is the story of Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati?
Ans: He started MDH with a small shop in Karol Bagh and through focus, dedication, and clear ideas made it one of the most popular spice brands in India.

83. Why should you not think that only big business owners are entrepreneurs?
Ans: Because any person running a business to fulfill customer needs, innovating, and working hard is an entrepreneur, regardless of business size.

84. What does 'creativity' mean for an entrepreneur?
Ans: Creativity means thinking differently about business ideas and coming up with new ways to satisfy customers.

85. According to the textbook, what is the first step to becoming an entrepreneur?
Ans: The first step is to find a problem and think of a business idea to solve it, then try to implement the solution.

Unit 5: Green Skills (SAQs 86-100)

86. Define sustainable development.
Ans: Sustainable development is development that satisfies the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

87. Who created the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and when?
Ans: The United Nations created the 17 SDGs in September 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

88. List three problems related to sustainable development.
Ans: Food (soil degradation), Water (pollution of rivers), Fuel (depletion of forests and climate change).

89. What is organic farming?
Ans: Organic farming is a method where farmers do not use chemical pesticides or fertilisers but use organic and natural fertilisers like cow dung.

90. What is the benefit of organic farming?
Ans: It produces chemical-free crops and maintains soil quality for future use.

91. What is rainwater harvesting?
Ans: Rainwater harvesting is collecting and storing rainwater for future use.

92. What is vermicomposting?
Ans: Vermicomposting is making manure using worms to decompose organic waste.

93. What is the Charanka Solar Park and why is it important?
Ans: Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat is a mega solar power plant of 600 MW that has reduced dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels.

94. What is the advantage of using edible cutlery?
Ans: Edible cutlery can be eaten or left to decompose in the soil, reducing plastic waste.

95. What are three advantages of using clay pots (Kulhads) instead of plastic/paper cups?
Ans: (1) Reduces cutting of trees for paper cups, (2) Creates jobs for potters, (3) Reduces plastic waste.

96. How can you contribute to SDG 4 (Quality Education)?
Ans: By taking friends to school, helping them study, and stopping them from dropping out.

97. How can you contribute to SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation)?
Ans: By promoting awareness to keep water sources clean, building toilets, and avoiding open defecation.

98. List two ways to create sustainable cities.
Ans: (1) Use energy-efficient LED bulbs, (2) Use natural light as much as possible, (3) Save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use.

99. What is the importance of planting trees?
Ans: Planting trees prevents soil erosion, provides oxygen, and helps protect life on land.

100. How can you reduce plastic waste as a student?
Ans: By taking cloth bags to the market, refusing single-use plastics, and recycling plastic items.

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PART D: 50 LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQs)

Unit 1: Communication Skills (LAQs 1-10)

1. Explain the communication cycle with all its elements and a diagrammatic representation.

Ans: The communication cycle consists of five elements:

• Sender: The person who initiates the communication.
• Message: The information the sender wants to convey.
• Channel: The medium used to send the message (e.g., face-to-face, email, phone).
• Receiver: The person to whom the message is sent.
• Feedback: The receiver's response that completes the cycle.

For example, in a bookstore: Customer asks for a book (sender, message), salesperson listens (receiver), salesperson responds "Yes, we have it" (feedback). Communication is only complete when the receiver understands the message in its entirety. The cycle is continuous as feedback can lead to further messages.

2. Explain the 7 Cs of effective communication in detail with examples.

Ans: The 7 Cs are:

1. Clear: The message should be clear in the mind of the sender and expressed simply.
2. Concise: Use few words to convey the message without repetition.
3. Concrete: Use specific facts and figures, not vague statements.
4. Correct: Ensure grammatical and factual accuracy.
5. Coherent: Logical and consistent flow of ideas.
6. Complete: Include all necessary information.
7. Courteous: Be polite and respectful.

Example of NOT concise: "I would like to say that I think maybe we could possibly..." Concise: "We should go."

3. Differentiate between verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication with examples and percentages.

Ans:
Verbal Communication: Uses sounds, words, language, speech. Examples: phone call, email, public speech. (7% of communication)
Non-Verbal Communication: Without words, using gestures, expressions, postures. Examples: smiling, nodding, hand gestures. (93% – 55% body language, 38% voice tone)
Visual Communication: Uses images/pictures. Examples: 'No pets allowed' sign, traffic signals, under construction signs.

Non-verbal is most important as it forms 93% of our daily communication. Mastering all three is essential for effective communication.

4. Explain the different types of sentences based on purpose with examples.

Ans:

1. Declarative (Statement): Provides information; ends with full stop. Example: "Blue is my favourite colour."
2. Interrogative (Question): Asks a question; ends with question mark. Example: "Do you want tea or coffee?"
3. Exclamatory (Emotion): Expresses strong emotion; ends with exclamation mark. Example: "This is the best day of my life!"
4. Imperative (Order/Command): Shows order, request, or advice; can end with full stop or exclamation. Example: "Please lower your voice." or "Respond immediately!"

5. Explain the difference between active and passive voice with five examples each.

Ans:
Active Voice: Subject performs the action. (Subject + Verb + Object)
Passive Voice: Subject receives the action. (Object + helping verb + by + subject)

Examples:

Active	Passive
Ali changed the flat tire.	The flat tire was changed by Ali.
I will clean the house.	The house will be cleaned by me.
Ravi painted the entire house.	The entire house was painted by Ravi.
She rides a bicycle.	A bicycle is ridden by her.
He threw the ball.	The ball was thrown by him.

Active voice is more direct and commonly used in everyday communication.

6. Explain the parts of speech with examples. (At least 8 types)

Ans:

1. Noun: Naming word (person, place, thing, idea). Ex: Kavita, book, truth.
2. Pronoun: Replaces a noun. Ex: She, he, they, it.
3. Adjective: Describes a noun. Ex: red dress, best-selling book.
4. Verb: Shows action. Ex: run, eat, think.
5. Adverb: Describes a verb. Ex: quickly, easily, yesterday.
6. Preposition: Shows position or time. Ex: on, over, in, under.
7. Conjunction: Joins words/sentences. Ex: and, but, because.
8. Interjection: Expresses emotion. Ex: Wow!, Help!, Oh!

7. Explain the importance of feedback in the communication cycle with characteristics of good feedback.

Ans: Feedback is the receiver's response to the sender's message. It validates effective listening, motivates people, boosts learning, and improves performance. Good feedback is:

• Specific: Avoid general comments; include examples.
• Timely: Prompt feedback is more effective.
• Polite: Do not offend the recipient.
• Helpful: Offer alternatives and continuing support.

Without feedback, the communication cycle is incomplete. Example: If a manager tells an employee "You did great" (positive feedback), the employee feels motivated.

8. Explain any five barriers to effective communication and how to overcome them.

Ans:
Barriers:

1. Physical: Noise, distance. Overcome by moving to a quiet place.
2. Linguistic: Different languages, jargon. Overcome by using simple language or a translator.
3. Interpersonal: Stage fear, unwillingness. Overcome by building confidence.
4. Organisational: Rules, hierarchy. Overcome by creating open channels.
5. Cultural: Stereotypes. Overcome by being respectful of others' opinions.

Ways to overcome: Use simple language, don't assume, communicate in person, use visuals, be respectful.

9. Explain the capitalisation rules with the TINS method and punctuation rules with examples.

Ans:
TINS Capitalisation Rules:

• T (Titles): Capitalise titles before names. Ex: Dr. Malik, Mr. Pandey
• I (Pronoun 'I'): Always capitalise 'I' when used as a word. Ex: He and I went.
• N (Names): Capitalise names of people, places, days, months. Ex: Suresh, London, Friday, June
• S (Start): Capitalise first letter of every sentence.

Punctuation:

• Full stop (.): Ends a sentence. Ex: Omar is a professor.
• Comma (,): Indicates pause or separates items. Ex: I bought apples, bananas, and oranges.
• Question mark (?): Ends a question. Ex: Where is your book?
• Exclamation mark (!): Shows strong feeling. Ex: Hooray! We won!
• Apostrophe ('): Shows possession or contraction. Ex: Shobha's cat, let's go.

10. Explain the difference between direct and indirect objects with five examples.

Ans:
Direct Object: Receives the action directly (answers 'what' or 'whom' after the verb).
Indirect Object: Answers 'to whom' or 'for whom' the action is done.

Examples:

Sentence	Verb	Direct Object	Indirect Object
She bought a bicycle for her son.	bought	bicycle	her son
The parents sent him a postcard.	sent	postcard	him
He bought his daughter a computer.	bought	computer	his daughter
I gave my friend a gift.	gave	gift	my friend
The teacher told the students a story.	told	story	students

Unit 2: Self-management Skills (LAQs 11-20)

11. Explain stress management techniques in detail with examples.

Ans: Stress management techniques include:

1. Time management: Plan your day, prioritise tasks. Example: Make a timetable.
2. Physical exercise and fresh air: Yoga, meditation, deep breathing, walking. Example: Take a walk in the park.
3. Healthy diet: Eat balanced meals (dal, roti, vegetables, fruits).
4. Positivity: Focus on good things. Example: Instead of feeling upset over low marks, think of ways to improve.
5. No procrastination: Finish assignments on time.
6. Adequate sleep: At least 7 hours to recharge.
7. Holidays with family: Break from routine.

The ABC of stress management: Adversity (event), Beliefs (your response), Consequences (outcomes).

12. What is emotional intelligence? Explain its three skills and importance with an example.

Ans: Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others.

Three skills:

1. Emotional awareness: Identify and name your emotions.
2. Harnessing emotions: Apply emotions to tasks like thinking and problem-solving.
3. Managing emotions: Regulate your emotions and help others do the same.

Importance: Helps manage stress, stay active and open-minded, overcome failures, and have better relationships.

Example: Ravi lost a dance competition. Instead of shouting at Shiv (who won), an emotionally intelligent Ravi would accept defeat gracefully and work harder next time.

13. Explain SMART goal setting with examples of each component.

Ans: SMART stands for:

• S (Specific): Clear goal answering who, what, where, when, which, why. Non-specific: "I will learn English." Specific: "I will join coaching after school for 6 months to speak fluently."
• M (Measurable): Answers how much/how many. Non-measurable: "I want to be rich." Measurable: "I want 5 times more money than today by year end."
• A (Achievable): Break big goals into smaller parts. Example: Complete higher secondary → Graduation → B.Ed. → Teaching job.
• R (Realistic): Within reach. Unrealistic: "Read entire syllabus in one day." Realistic: "Spend 3 hours daily to revise."
• T (Time-bound): Has a deadline. Not time-bound: "I want to lose 10 kg someday." Time-bound: "Lose 10 kg in 6 months."

14. Explain the four steps of time management with examples.

Ans:

1. Organise: Plan daily activities, make a timetable, keep surroundings clean. Example: Clean study table saves time finding things.
2. Prioritise: Make a 'To-Do' list and rank tasks by importance. Example: Do homework first (Must Do), then play (Nice to Do).
3. Control: Avoid time-wasters like chatting on phone, surfing gossip sites. Focus on important things.
4. Track: Identify where you spent time to analyse effectiveness and identify wasteful activities.

Tips: Avoid procrastination, develop a 'NO DISTURBANCE ZONE', use waiting time productively, replace useless activities with productive ones.

15. Explain the difference between interests and abilities with examples. How can you identify your strengths and weaknesses?

Ans:
Interests: Things you like to do in free time, are curious about, or want to learn in the future. Example: Liking music, wanting to learn painting.
Abilities: Acquired or natural capacity to perform a task with proficiency. Example: Playing guitar well, being good at creative writing.

Identifying Strengths:

• Think of things you are always successful at.
• Think about what others like in you.
• Take time to think about what you do well.

Identifying Weaknesses:

• Point out areas where you struggle.
• Look at feedback others give you.
• Be open to accepting weaknesses as areas of improvement.

When interests don't match abilities, either improve abilities or follow a different path.

16. Explain internal and external motivation with examples from real life.

Ans:
Internal Motivation (LOVE): We do things because they make us happy, healthy, and feel good. No external reward needed.

• Example 1: Learning a new dance for the annual day because you enjoy dancing.
• Example 2: Reading a book because you love the story.

External Motivation (REWARD): We do things because they give us respect, recognition, and appreciation.

• Example 1: Suresh won a prize in 100m race and practices every morning because of the reward.
• Example 2: Studying hard to get the best student award.

Both types are important. Self-motivated people use both internal and external motivation to achieve goals.

17. What are the qualities of self-motivated people? Explain with examples of successful individuals from the textbook.

Ans: Qualities of self-motivated people:

1. Focus and dedication
2. Clear ideas and vision
3. Respect for others
4. Hard work
5. Persistence (do not give up)
6. Responsibility

Examples from textbook:

• Mr. E. Shreedharan (Former MD, Delhi Metro): Self-motivated and energetic, he motivated his team with dedication and respect to achieve results.
• Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati (MDH): Started with a small shop in Karol Bagh; with focus, dedication, and clear ideas, made MDH one of India's most popular brands.

18. Explain the four steps to build self-motivation.

Ans: The four steps for building self-motivation (as per Figure 2.9 in textbook):

1. Start with simple tasks: Don't begin with difficult tasks. Build confidence by completing easy tasks first.
2. Improve your skills: Continuously learn and develop skills needed for your goals.
3. Recognise your achievements: Reward yourself when you complete a task, even a small one.
4. Raise your aspirations: After achieving small goals, set higher goals gradually.

These steps help you gradually build the habit of self-motivation without feeling overwhelmed.

19. How can you manage your time effectively as a student? Give a practical timetable example.

Ans: As a student, effective time management involves:

1. Make a timetable: Allocate specific hours for study, play, rest, and sleep.
2. Prioritise: Do homework and assignments first (Must Do), then revision (Should Do), then entertainment (Nice to Do).
3. Avoid procrastination: Do not postpone tasks.
4. Create a 'No Disturbance Zone': A quiet place to study.
5. Use waiting time productively: Revise while travelling to school.

Sample timetable:

• 6:00-6:30: Wake up, freshen up
• 6:30-7:30: Revision
• 7:30-8:00: Breakfast, get ready
• 8:00-2:00: School
• 2:00-3:00: Lunch and rest
• 3:00-5:00: Homework
• 5:00-6:00: Play/Sports
• 6:00-8:00: Study/Coaching
• 8:00-9:00: Dinner, family time
• 9:00-10:00: Revision
• 10:00: Sleep

20. Explain the importance of self-awareness and how to conduct strength and weakness analysis.

Ans: Self-awareness means understanding who you are, what you like/dislike, your beliefs, opinions, background, strengths, and weaknesses. It helps convert weaknesses into strengths and strengths into exceptional talent.

Techniques for finding strengths:

• Think of things you are always successful at.
• Think about what others admire in you.
• Identify what makes you stand out.

Techniques for finding weaknesses:

• Point out areas where you struggle.
• Look at feedback others give.
• Be open and accept weaknesses as improvement areas.

Questions to ask yourself:

• How am I different from others?
• What do I do better than others?
• Where do I worry and struggle?

Action plan: Make a table with Strengths, Weaknesses, and Action Plan to build upon strengths and overcome weaknesses.

Unit 3: ICT Skills (LAQs 21-30)

21. Explain the process of starting and shutting down a computer.

Ans:
Starting a computer:

1. Press the Power button on the CPU.
2. BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) runs automatically and performs a self-test (POST).
3. If the test is successful, BIOS loads the Operating System.
4. The login screen appears.
5. Enter login ID and password.
6. Welcome screen appears and then the desktop (e.g., Ubuntu desktop).

Shutting down in Ubuntu:

1. Click Systems button at the top right.
2. Click 'Shut Down'.
3. The Operating System closes all applications and turns off the computer.

Important note: Always log out or sign out when finished working so no unauthorised person can see your work.

22. Explain the different types of keys on a keyboard with their functions.

Ans:

1. Function Keys (F1-F12): Perform specific functions; F1 usually opens help.
2. Control Keys: CTRL, SHIFT, ALT, CAPS LOCK, TAB, SPACEBAR. Perform special functions.
3. Enter/Return Key: Moves cursor to new line; confirms tasks.
4. Punctuation Keys: Colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), quotes (' '), etc.
5. Navigation Keys: Arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN. Move cursor in document.
6. Command Keys: INSERT (overwrites characters), DELETE (removes right), BACKSPACE (removes left).
7. Windows Key: Opens Start menu.

23. Explain the functions of a mouse with examples.

Ans:

1. Roll Over/Hover: Move mouse over an item to see details. Example: Hover over a file to see its properties.
2. Point and Click: Click once to select an item. Example: Click a file to select it.
3. Double-click: Quickly click twice to open an item. Example: Double-click a file to open it.
4. Right-click: Click right button to open context menu. Example: Right-click desktop to create new folder.
5. Drag and Drop: Click, hold, move to new location, release. Example: Move a file from Desktop to a folder.

24. Explain how to create a file and a folder in Ubuntu.

Ans:
Creating a file using Text Editor:

1. Type 'editor' in the search dialog box.
2. Double-click Text Editor option. A blank document opens.
3. Type text (e.g., "Neha Tiwari, Shakti Nagar, New Delhi, 7856453451").
4. Click File → Save (or Ctrl+S).
5. In Save As dialog box, browse to Desktop.
6. Type name (e.g., 'Neha') and click Save.

Creating a folder:

1. Open File Explorer (click Files on the left).
2. Choose location (e.g., Desktop).
3. Right-click → 'New Folder'.
4. Type name (e.g., 'Demo').

25. Explain the importance of computer care and maintenance with a schedule.

Ans: Computers are delicate and expensive. Proper care helps them work efficiently and last longer.

Maintenance Schedule:
Daily:

• Clean up email inbox
• Download attachments and save in folders

Weekly:

• Clean keyboard, monitor
• Dust CPU and printer
• Backup data to external drive

Monthly:

• Transfer photos from camera/mobile to computer
• Organise photos into folders
• Clean up 'Download' folder
• Uninstall unused programs
• Run disk-cleaner software
• Run full system virus scan

Yearly:

• Clean up contacts on social media
• Clean up email contact list
• Update operating system
• Check antivirus expiry and renew

26. What are the threats to computer security? How can you protect your data?

Ans:
Threats:

1. Theft: Physical (stealing hardware), Identity (hacker steals personal info), Software piracy (using unlicensed copies)
2. Virus: Worms (replicate and spread), Trojan Horse (disguises as useful but destroys data)
3. Online Predators: Trap people into inappropriate relationships
4. Internet Scams: Fake lottery wins, etc.

Protection measures:

1. Use strong passwords (mix of letters, numbers, special characters)
2. Install Antivirus and Firewall
3. Encrypt data (using Bitlocker in Windows)
4. Use secure sites (https:// and lock symbol)
5. Do not respond to SPAM
6. Backup data regularly

27. Explain the difference between hardware and software with examples. Why are both necessary?

Ans:
Hardware: Physical, touchable parts of a computer.

• Examples: Keyboard, monitor, CPU, mouse, printer, hard disk.

Software: Sets of instructions that make hardware work; cannot be touched.

• Examples: Operating System (Ubuntu, Windows), applications (games, MS Word).

Why both are necessary:

• Hardware is useless without software because it needs instructions to function.
• Software needs hardware to run because it has no physical form.
• Example: When you start a game (software), it is displayed on the monitor (hardware). The operating system (software) manages how the hardware works.

28. What is a computer virus? Explain the types of viruses and how to protect against them.

Ans: A computer virus is a program that can damage data and software or steal information.

Types of viruses:

1. Worms: Replicate themselves and spread to all files. Very difficult to remove.
2. Trojan Horse: Disguises as useful software but behaves like a virus, destroying data.

Protection:

1. Install antivirus software (e.g., Norton, McAfee)
2. Install firewall to monitor incoming/outgoing data
3. Do not open suspicious email attachments
4. Do not download from untrusted websites
5. Run regular virus scans (weekly/monthly)
6. Keep antivirus updated

29. Explain the concept of backup and why it is important. How often should you backup?

Ans: Backup means saving information from a computer onto another device (CD/DVD, external hard disk, cloud storage) so that data can be recovered if the computer stops working.

Importance:

• Computers can crash
• Humans can make mistakes (accidental deletion)
• Natural disasters (floods, fire) can damage computers
• Important for companies, hospitals, banks to keep information safe

How often: Weekly backup is recommended for important data. Monthly backup for less critical files. Daily backup for very critical business data.

Example: If you backup your school project on an external drive and your computer crashes, you can still submit the project.

30. What is SPAM? How can you prevent SPAM from entering your mailbox?

Ans: SPAM is unsolicited advertising emails from companies trying to attract you to their websites. They often contain offers that seem too good to be true.

Problems with SPAM:

• Clutters your inbox
• Can contain viruses or phishing links
• Wastes time

Prevention methods:

1. Never respond to SPAM emails (this confirms your email is active)
2. Set filters in email settings to block SPAM
3. Most email software automatically puts SPAM into a SPAM folder
4. Mark unwanted emails as 'SPAM' or 'Junk'
5. Do not share your email address on untrusted websites

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills (LAQs 31-40)

31. Explain the role of entrepreneurs in society with examples from the textbook.

Ans: Entrepreneurs play several important roles in society:

1. Fulfil Customer Needs: They identify demand and create products/services. Example: Bharti saw girls liked earrings, so she made jute earrings.
2. Use Local Materials: They use local resources to reduce cost. Example: Bharti bought jute from a local farmer.
3. Create Jobs: As businesses grow, they hire more people. Example: Bharti hired 5 women to help her.
4. Share Wealth: Employees and related businesses also grow. Example: The farmer earned more money, women had jobs.
5. Lower Product Prices: More entrepreneurs selling same product reduces price. Example: More mobile phone sellers led to lower phone prices.
6. Help Society: Some build schools, hospitals, or work for environment. Example: Entrepreneurs who save the environment or donate to schools.

32. Explain the qualities of a successful entrepreneur with examples from the textbook.

Ans: Qualities of successful entrepreneurs:

1. Confident: Believe in themselves and their abilities.
2. Patient: Do not get angry easily. Example: Ravi listened calmly to a shouting customer.
3. Creative: Think differently about business ideas. Example: Ganesh added luxury cars to rental business.
4. Takes responsibility: Does not blame others for mistakes. Example: Susheela apologised after a business loss and planned better next time.
5. Thinks before decisions: Makes decisions after thinking. Example: Mary compared prices before changing suppliers.
6. Hardworking: Works diligently.
7. Persistent: Does not give up when facing difficulty.
8. Manages business well: Example: Ali pays employees on time, Rehnuma spends time with employees daily.

33. Explain the functions of an entrepreneur with examples.

Ans: Functions of an entrepreneur (work they do daily):

1. Creates a new product or service: Example: Making plant pots from bottles, edible cutlery.
2. Takes risk: Example: Susheela tried selling in Sri Lanka; it didn't work but she learned.
3. Makes decisions: Example: Mary decided to buy bulbs from Faridabad instead of Noida because cheaper.
4. Manages the business: Example: Ali pays employees on 1st of every month; Rehnuma spends daily hour with employees.
5. Divides income: Manages profit distribution.
6. Identifies customer needs: Finds demand in the market.
7. Uses local materials: To reduce cost.
8. Hires people: Creates jobs.

34. Explain the three stages of the entrepreneurial career process.

Ans: The entrepreneurial career process has three stages:

1. ENTER: When an entrepreneur is starting, they are just entering the market to do business.
• Example: Sanjana starting a small grocery store in a locality.
2. SURVIVE: There are many entrepreneurs in the market. The entrepreneur has to remain in a competitive market.
• Example: There are many other grocery stores, but Sanjana's store survives competition and does well. She expands to two more floors.
3. GROW: Once the business is stable, an entrepreneur thinks about expanding.
• Example: After five years, Sanjana has opened a chain of four more grocery stores in the same city. In the next two years, she plans to expand to two other cities.

35. Explain at least four myths about entrepreneurship with the reality.

Ans:
Myth 1: Every business idea needs to be unique or special.
Reality: You can take an existing idea and do something different with it. Ganesh took car rental and added luxury cars.

Myth 2: A person needs a lot of money to start a business.
Reality: Some businesses start with small capital. You can start with what you have and grow.

Myth 3: Only a person having a big business is an entrepreneur.
Reality: No business is too small. Sheila the taxi driver with innovative ideas is an entrepreneur.

Myth 4: Entrepreneurs are born, not made.
Reality: Entrepreneurial skills can be learned. Anyone with the right mindset and effort can be an entrepreneur.

36. Write a note on the story of Bharti (The Jewellery Queen) and explain how she helped society.

Ans: Bharti is a young woman from Bihar. She noticed that many girls in her area liked to wear earrings. She started a business called "Manavi Natural Handicrafts" making earrings from jute.

How she helped society:

1. Used local material: Bought jute from a local farmer.
2. Created jobs: Hired two women initially, then three more (total five women).
3. Shared wealth: The farmer earned more money; the women could save for their future.
4. Fulfilled customer need: Made earrings that girls wanted.

Bharti is an entrepreneur because she identified demand, used local resources, created jobs, and helped her village grow economically.

37. Explain the story of Sheila the taxi driver. Why is she considered an entrepreneur even though she has a small business?

Ans: Sheila was 35 years old and loved to drive. She worked hard for five years and bought a taxi. She wanted to be different from other taxi drivers.

What she did differently:

1. Said "hello" to her customers
2. Put that day's newspaper in the car for customers to read
3. Had a small TV with different channels
4. Had a board with numbers of nearby hospitals and hotels

Why she is an entrepreneur:

• She works for herself (self-employed)
• She thinks about what customers want (customer needs)
• She adds good things to her taxi (innovation)
• Customers stand in line to ride her taxi

Lesson: No business is big or small. If a person runs a business to fulfill customer needs, they are an entrepreneur.

38. What is the difference between wage employment and self-employment? Give examples. According to NSQF, which is a preferred choice?

Ans:
Wage Employment: Working for a person or organisation and getting paid a salary/wage.

• Examples: Doctor working in a hospital, teacher in a school, manager in a company.
• Characteristics: Fixed salary, job security, fixed working hours, less risk.

Self-Employment: Starting your own business to satisfy needs of people.

• Examples: Owning a clinic, having a dosa stall, starting a business.
• Characteristics: Own boss, variable income, more risk, more freedom.

According to NSQF: Entrepreneurship/self-employment is a "preferred and dignified choice" rather than a "last-resort" option. The NCF-2005 recommends vocational education so students can become job creators rather than job seekers.

39. How can you become an entrepreneur? What steps should you take?

Ans: Steps to become an entrepreneur:

1. Identify a problem: Look around your home, school, or neighbourhood for problems that bother you.
2. Think of business ideas: How can you solve that problem profitably?
3. Select one idea: Choose the idea you want to try out.
4. Start small: You don't need a lot of money. Use local materials.
5. Learn skills: Study entrepreneurship in school/college or practice while working for someone.
6. Be creative: Find ways to be different from others in the market.
7. Take responsibility: Own your mistakes and improve.
8. Don't give up: Persistence is key.
9. Believe in yourself: Entrepreneurship starts with a mindset that anything is possible.

Remember: If you do not try, you will not know if you want to be an entrepreneur!

40. Explain the story of Ganesh and how he made his car rental business different.

Ans: Ganesh is an entrepreneur who started a car rental business. The market already had many car rental companies, but Ganesh wanted to be different.

What he did differently:

• He thought of a new idea: adding luxury cars like Mercedes and BMW to his business.

Result:

• After 10 years of being in business, he now has 200 cars.
• Out of these, 75 are luxury cars.

Lesson from Ganesh's story:

• You do not need a completely unique business idea.
• You can take an existing idea (car rental) and add something new (luxury cars).
• This is called innovation, and it is a key quality of entrepreneurs.

Unit 5: Green Skills (LAQs 41-50)

41. Explain the concept of sustainable development and its importance with examples.

Ans: Sustainable development is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987).

Importance:

• Economic development is using resources so quickly that future generations will face serious environmental problems.
• With increasing population and income, consumption is increasing daily.
• Natural resources are scarce, so careful utilisation is necessary.
• Society must change to a development strategy that does not destroy the environment.

Example: Sustainable agriculture uses environment-friendly methods without chemicals, avoiding adverse effects on soil, water, and biodiversity.

Example from textbook: Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat (600 MW) reduces dependence on fossil fuels and helps future generations for 40-50 years.

42. Explain the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their purpose.

Ans: The 17 SDGs were launched by the United Nations in September 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Purpose: A universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure all people enjoy peace and prosperity.

Key SDGs include:

1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Education
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanitation
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Reduced Inequalities
10. Sustainable Cities and Communities
11. Climate Action
12. Life Below Water
13. Life on Land
14. Partnerships for the Goals

Countries are making policies to promote sustainable systems in all economic sectors.

43. Explain the problems related to sustainable development in three areas: food, water, and fuel.

Ans:

Food:

• Fertile land for crops is becoming less as land is used for other purposes.
• Soil nutrients are depleting.
• Chemical fertilisers are spoiling the soil.
• Result: Less agricultural productivity.

Water:

• Fresh water from rivers and ponds is used for drinking and cleaning.
• Garbage is dumped into water bodies, causing pollution.
• Result: After several years, there will be no clean water for use.

Fuel:

• Wood from trees is used for fuel, construction, and furniture.
• More trees are being cut, affecting the climate.
• Extreme weather conditions (floods, extreme cold/heat) are seen in many places.
• Result: Climate change affecting people living there.

Solution: Use renewable energy like solar power.

44. Explain organic farming, vermicomposting, and rainwater harvesting as sustainable processes.

Ans:

Organic Farming:

• Farmers do not use chemical pesticides and fertilisers.
• Use organic and natural fertilisers like cow dung.
• Benefits: Chemical-free crops, maintains soil quality for future use.

Vermicomposting:

• Making manure using worms.
• Worms decompose organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.
• Benefits: Reduces waste, provides natural fertiliser.

Rainwater Harvesting:

• Collecting and storing rainwater for future use.
• Benefits: Recharges groundwater, reduces water scarcity, prevents flooding.

All three are examples of sustainable development where we use earth's resources while preserving them for future generations.

45. Explain sustainable development initiatives mentioned in the textbook (biodegradable bags and edible cutlery).

Ans:

Biodegradable Bags:

• When plastics were banned in Mangalore, Mr. Avasth Hedge found an eco-friendly alternative.
• He made 100% biodegradable bags that can dissolve in hot water and decompose in natural environment.
• These bags are now used in many countries.

Edible Cutlery:

• Narayana Peesapaty made edible cutlery from a grain.
• These spoons can be eaten.
• If not eaten, they easily decompose in soil, enriching it.
• This stops the use of plastic spoons, forks, etc.

Both initiatives help reduce plastic pollution and are examples of innovation for sustainability.

46. Explain the initiative of Indian Railways using clay pots (Kulhads) instead of plastic/paper cups.

Ans: The Ministry of Railways introduced clay pots 'Kulhads' in Varanasi and Raibareilly to replace plastic and paper cups.

Three major advantages:

1. Reduce cutting of trees: Paper cups require cutting trees. Kulhads are made from clay, saving trees.
2. Job creation for potters: This contributes to the economy by providing employment to traditional potters.
3. Reduce plastic waste: Plastic cups are non-biodegradable and cause pollution. Kulhads are biodegradable and eco-friendly.

This initiative also brings back the taste of tradition and supports local artisans.

47. How can individuals contribute to sustainable development? Explain with examples related to waste management and energy conservation.

Ans: Individuals can contribute by:

Waste Management:

• Reusing paper, glass, plastic, water
• Taking cloth bags to market instead of plastic bags
• Donating unused items (clothes, books, furniture, food)
• Sorting and treating garbage before disposing
• Making compost from kitchen waste

Energy Conservation:

• Save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use
• Use natural light as much as possible
• Use energy-efficient LED bulbs and appliances
• Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water

Other actions:

• Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers
• Plant more trees
• Use public transport or bicycle instead of private vehicles

These small actions collectively make a big difference.

48. Explain how education (SDG 4) contributes to sustainable development.

Ans: Education is one of the most important factors for sustainable development because:

1. Poverty reduction: Children who go to school can get jobs and take care of themselves and their families.
2. Awareness: Education helps us become aware of our role as responsible citizens.
3. Skill development: Education provides skills needed for decent work and economic growth.
4. Empowerment: Educated individuals can make informed decisions about health, environment, and finances.

Ways to contribute to SDG 4:

• Use facilities present in our areas
• Take friends to school
• Help friends study
• Stop friends from dropping out of school

49. How can you contribute to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation)?

Ans:

For SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities):

• Save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use
• Use natural light as much as possible
• Use energy-efficient LED bulbs and appliances
• Use cloth bags instead of plastic
• Donate unused items (clothes, books, furniture)
• Buy seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers

For SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation):

• Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water
• Do not dump garbage into rivers or ponds
• Promote awareness to keep water sources clean
• Build toilets and avoid open defecation
• Report industrial pollution to authorities

50. Explain the importance of SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 15 (Life on Land) and how to protect them.

Ans:

SDG 14 – Life Below Water:

• Tons of plastic is found in seas, killing marine life.
• Protecting marine life and saving oceans from pollution is necessary.

How to protect:

• Reduce plastic waste (especially single-use plastics)
• Do not throw garbage into oceans, seas, or rivers
• Participate in beach clean-up drives
• Support bans on plastic bags

SDG 15 – Life on Land:

• Cutting trees leads to soil erosion.
• Land becomes dry and unusable for cultivation.
• Deforestation affects climate and biodiversity.

How to protect:

• Plant more trees to replace those cut
• Do not waste paper (reuse and recycle)
• Support afforestation programs
• Protect wildlife habitats
• Use sustainable wood products

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PART E: 50 COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

Competency-based questions assess the ability to apply knowledge to real-life situations.

Unit 1: Communication Skills (CBQs 1-10)

1. Rohan is a sales executive at a mobile store. A customer walks in who does not speak Hindi or English well. The customer uses gestures to ask about mobile phones. How should Rohan communicate effectively with this customer?
Ans: Rohan should use non-verbal and visual communication: point to phones, show pictures, use hand gestures, write prices on paper, smile, maintain eye contact, and be patient. If possible, he can use a translation app on his phone. He should avoid getting frustrated and use simple words with clear gestures.

2. Priya received an email from her manager saying, "Your report was not good enough." She felt very upset and demotivated. Was this good feedback? What would you suggest to the manager?
Ans: No, this is not good feedback because it is not specific, not helpful, and not kind. Good feedback should be specific, timely, polite, and helpful. The manager should say: "Priya, your report had good data but the formatting was inconsistent. The conclusions in section 3 need more evidence. Please revise and resubmit by Friday. I can help you if needed."

3. During a team meeting, Meera noticed that her colleague Arjun was looking down, not making eye contact, and had his arms crossed. When she asked if he agreed with the plan, he said "Yes" but his body language said otherwise. What should Meera do?
Ans: Meera should understand that non-verbal communication (93% of communication) often reveals true feelings. She should politely ask Arjun privately: "You said yes, but you seemed uncomfortable. Do you have any concerns about the plan?" This shows emotional intelligence and ensures clear communication.

4. You are writing an email to apply for a job. Which of the 7 Cs of communication will you focus on and why?
Ans: I would focus on:

• Clear: State the job I am applying for clearly.
• Concise: Keep the email short and to the point.
• Correct: No spelling or grammar mistakes.
• Complete: Include all required documents.
• Courteous: Be polite and professional.
  These are important because a job application email creates the first impression on the employer.

5. Rahul is preparing a notice for his school about "No Plastic Zone". Write the notice using proper capitalisation and punctuation.
Ans:

text

NOTICE

Date: 15 March 2024

 

Our school is becoming a "No Plastic Zone" from 1 April 2024.

All students must bring cloth or paper bags.

Plastic bottles, bags, and wrappers are banned.

Help us keep our school clean and green!

 

(Dr. S. Sharma)

Principal

6. In a group discussion, two participants are from different states. One speaks only Hindi, the other only Tamil. They are unable to understand each other. What barrier is this? How can it be overcome?
Ans: This is a linguistic barrier. Ways to overcome:

1. Use a translator (person or app)
2. Use visual communication (gestures, pictures)
3. Write in English (common language)
4. Use simple words and repeat
5. Be patient and respectful
   The absence of a common language should not stop communication; non-verbal methods can help significantly.

7. Your friend writes: "i want to go to mumbai in may to meet dr. sharma" Correct this sentence using capitalisation rules.
Ans: "I want to go to Mumbai in May to meet Dr. Sharma."
Capitalisation rules applied: 'I' (pronoun), Mumbai (name of place), May (month), Dr. Sharma (title and name).

8. During a presentation, a speaker speaks very fast, uses difficult jargon, and turns his back to the audience. What mistakes is he making? Suggest improvements.
Ans: Mistakes:

• Speaking too fast (not clear)
• Using jargon (linguistic barrier)
• Turning back (negative body language)
  Improvements:

1. Speak at moderate speed
2. Use simple, clear language
3. Maintain eye contact with audience
4. Stand straight and face the audience
5. Be confident and smile

9. Your teacher gave you feedback: "Your essay is good but can be better." Is this constructive feedback? Why or why not?
Ans: This is partially constructive but not specific. Good feedback should be specific about what needs improvement. Better feedback: "Your essay has good content but you need to work on grammar in paragraphs 2 and 3. Also, your conclusion could be stronger. I suggest you revise these sections." The original feedback is vague and does not tell the student exactly what to improve.

10. Convert the following passive sentences to active voice: (a) The book was read by Rohan. (b) The homework will be done by Sita.
Ans:
(a) Rohan read the book.
(b) Sita will do the homework.
Active voice is more direct, clear, and commonly used.

Unit 2: Self-management Skills (CBQs 11-20)

11. Riya has her final exams in 3 months. She wants to score 90% but feels stressed and overwhelmed. Using the SMART method, help Riya set study goals.
Ans:
Specific: Score 90% in final exams by studying all subjects.
Measurable: Complete 2 chapters of each subject per week; take weekly tests.
Achievable: Break into small parts – 2 hours daily for Math, 2 hours for Science, 1 hour for English.
Realistic: Study 5 hours daily (not 15 hours).
Time-bound: Complete syllabus in 2 months; last month for revision and practice tests.
SMART goal: "I will study 5 hours daily, complete 10 chapters in 2 months, and score 90% in my March exams."

12. Sameer always postpones his homework until the last night before submission. He gets poor grades and feels stressed. What time management technique would you suggest to Sameer?
Ans: I would suggest:

1. Make a timetable: Allocate specific time daily for homework (e.g., 4-6 PM).
2. Prioritise: Do homework first (Must Do), then play (Nice to Do).
3. Avoid procrastination: Start as soon as school ends.
4. Create a 'No Disturbance Zone': A quiet place to study.
5. Break large tasks: If 10 math sums, do 2 at a time with breaks.
6. Track time: Note how long each task takes to improve planning.

13. Raju is afraid of speaking in English because his classmates make fun of him. He wants to improve but feels demotivated. How can Raju use self-motivation to overcome this?
Ans: Raju can:

1. Start with small steps: Practice with one friend first.
2. Set achievable goals: Learn 5 new words daily.
3. Use internal motivation: Focus on his love for learning English.
4. Use external motivation: Reward himself after each practice session.
5. Remember the tortoise story: Slow and steady wins.
6. Ignore negative comments: Use them as motivation to improve.
7. Join coaching classes: Extra practice builds confidence.

14. You have a project to complete in 5 days, a test in 3 days, and family visiting for a wedding tomorrow. Prioritise your tasks using the 'Must Do, Should Do, Nice to Do' method.
Ans:
Must Do (Urgent and Important):

1. Study for test in 3 days (urgent)
2. Complete project (start now, not last moment)

Should Do (Important but less urgent):

1. Prepare for family wedding (help as needed)
2. Revision after test

Nice to Do (Not urgent/important):

1. Watching TV
2. Playing games

Action plan: Study 3 hours daily for test; do 1 hour project daily; help with wedding chores for 1 hour; reduce entertainment time temporarily.

15. Anita wants to become a teacher. She is in Class 10. Write her long-term and short-term goals using SMART method.
Ans:
Short-term goals (6 months - 2 years):

1. Score 85% in Class 10 board exams (Specific, Measurable, Time-bound: March 2025)
2. Join Humanities stream in Class 11 (Specific, Achievable)

Long-term goals (5 years):

1. Complete Class 12 with education subjects (Time-bound: 2026)
2. Complete Graduation (B.A./B.Ed.) (Time-bound: 2030)
3. Apply for teaching jobs and clear entrance exams

Career path: 10th → 12th → Graduation → B.Ed. → Teaching job

16. Identify your strengths and weaknesses in three areas: academic, co-curricular, and personal. Make an action plan to convert one weakness into strength.
Ans:
Strengths:

• Academic: Good at mathematics
• Co-curricular: Good at drawing
• Personal: Helpful nature

Weaknesses:

• Academic: Weak in English grammar
• Co-curricular: Stage fear
• Personal: Procrastination

Action plan for English grammar weakness:

1. Join English coaching class (2 hours weekly)
2. Practice 10 grammar exercises daily
3. Read English newspaper for 30 minutes daily
4. Ask teacher for extra worksheets
5. After 3 months, this weakness will become strength.

17. You are feeling stressed because of pending homework, upcoming exams, and family responsibilities. List the stressors and apply three stress management techniques.
Ans:
Stressors:

1. Pending homework
2. Upcoming exams
3. Family responsibilities

Stress management techniques:

1. Time management: Make a timetable allocating time for each task. Do homework early morning, study in evening, help family on weekends.
2. Deep breathing/meditation: 10 minutes daily morning and evening to calm mind.
3. Positive thinking: Instead of worrying, think "I can do this step by step."
4. Adequate sleep: 7 hours nightly.
5. Break tasks: Divide homework into small parts.

18. Explain the ABC of stress management with a real-life example from your experience.
Ans: ABC of stress management:

• A (Adversity): The stressful event
• B (Beliefs): How you respond to the event
• C (Consequences): Actions and outcomes

Example:

• A: I failed my math test.
• B: Instead of thinking "I am stupid", I think "I need to study harder and ask for help."
• C: I study 2 extra hours weekly, take tuition, and get 70% in next test (improved outcome).

19. Your friend is demotivated because her teacher gave negative remarks on her essay. What steps will you take to motivate her?
Ans: Steps to motivate:

1. Listen first: Understand what the teacher said.
2. Show empathy: "I understand you feel bad."
3. Find positives: Point out good parts of her essay.
4. Use external motivation: "If you improve, you might get the best writer award."
5. Use internal motivation: "You love writing, don't let one feedback stop you."
6. Make action plan: Revise with teacher's suggestions.
7. Share hare-tortoise story: Motivation wins over speed.

20. You have to complete 5 assignments in 3 days. Using the four steps of time management (Organise, Prioritise, Control, Track), plan your work.
Ans:
Organise: List all 5 assignments with deadlines.
Prioritise: Rank by deadline and importance (Assignment with nearest deadline first).
Control: Avoid phone, TV, gaming. Create 'No Disturbance Zone'.
Track: Note time spent on each assignment.

Sample plan:

• Day 1: Assignment 1 (3 hours) + Assignment 2 (2 hours)
• Day 2: Assignment 3 (3 hours) + start Assignment 4 (1 hour)
• Day 3: Complete Assignment 4 (2 hours) + Assignment 5 (3 hours)
• Review each evening to track progress.

Unit 3: ICT Skills (CBQs 21-30)

21. Your younger sister accidentally deleted her school project file. How can she recover it? What preventive measures should she take in the future?
Ans:
Recovery options:

1. Check Recycle Bin/Trash – right-click and Restore.
2. Check if backup exists on external drive or cloud.

Preventive measures:

1. Regular backup: Copy important files to external drive daily/weekly.
2. Use cloud storage: Google Drive, OneDrive.
3. Save frequently: Ctrl+S every few minutes.
4. Use version history if using Google Docs.
5. Be careful when deleting: Always check before pressing Delete.

22. You receive an email from an unknown address saying you have won ₹5 crore lottery. You need to pay ₹50,000 to claim it. What will you do and why?
Ans: I will:

1. Not respond to the email (this is an internet scam).
2. Not send any money or bank details.
3. Mark as SPAM and delete immediately.
4. Report as phishing if option available.
5. Inform parents/teacher about the scam.

Why: Real lotteries never ask for money to claim prizes. This is a common internet scam to steal money and bank details. 'Https://' and lock symbol do not guarantee legitimacy; always verify from known sources.

23. Your computer is running very slowly. List five possible reasons and solutions.
Ans:

Problem	Solution
Too many programs running	Close unused programs/apps
Low hard disk space	Delete unnecessary files, run disk cleaner
Virus infection	Run antivirus scan
Too many temporary files	Run disk cleanup utility
Overheating	Check CPU fan, clean dust

Other solutions: Restart computer, update operating system, add more RAM if possible.

24. You want to save a text file named 'Essay' on your Desktop. Write the step-by-step process.
Ans:
In Ubuntu:

1. Open Text Editor (type 'editor' in search)
2. Type your essay content
3. Click File → Save (or Ctrl+S)
4. In Save As dialog box, browse to Desktop
5. Type name as 'Essay'
6. Click Save

In Windows:

1. Open Notepad
2. Type content
3. File → Save As
4. Browse to Desktop
5. Type 'Essay.txt'
6. Click Save

25. Your friend uses 'password123' as his password for all accounts. Why is this unsafe? What would you advise him?
Ans:
Why unsafe:

• Too short and easy to guess
• Contains dictionary word 'password'
• Only lowercase letters, no numbers/special characters
• Same password for all accounts – if one is hacked, all are hacked

Advice for strong password:

• Mix of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, special characters (e.g., P@ssw0rd2024!)
• Minimum 8-12 characters
• Different passwords for different accounts
• Use a password manager if needed
• Enable two-factor authentication

26. You have a presentation tomorrow and your pen drive with the file is corrupted. What alternatives do you have?
Ans: Alternatives:

1. Check cloud storage: Google Drive, OneDrive, Dropbox
2. Email attachment: Check Sent folder for email you sent to yourself
3. Another device: Check if file was copied to another computer/laptop
4. Recovery software: Use data recovery software (last option)
5. Recreate: If possible, recreate the presentation from memory

Preventive lesson: Always save files in multiple places (Cloud + USB + Computer).

27. Your teacher asks you to organise all subject notes into separate folders on your computer. How will you create folders and move files?
Ans:
Steps:

1. Open File Explorer (Files in Ubuntu)
2. Navigate to Desktop or Documents
3. Right-click → New Folder (name: 'Math Notes')
4. Create similar folders: 'Science Notes', 'English Notes', 'Social Studies Notes'
5. To move files: Click and drag file to respective folder (drag and drop)
6. Or: Right-click file → Cut → Open folder → Right-click → Paste

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+X (Cut), Ctrl+V (Paste)

28. You notice your laptop battery drains quickly and the laptop gets very hot. What could be the reasons and solutions?
Ans:
Reasons:

1. Too many programs running
2. Battery overcharged or old
3. Dust blocking cooling fan
4. Laptop placed on soft surface (bed/blanket) blocking fan
5. Old battery needs replacement

Solutions:

1. Close unused programs
2. Unplug charger once battery is 100%
3. Clean fan with soft brush
4. Use laptop on hard surface (desk/table)
5. Replace battery if old
6. Keep laptop in cool place, not in sun

29. You receive a pop-up on your computer saying "Your computer is infected! Click here to clean viruses." What will you do?
Ans:
Do NOT click the pop-up. This is likely a scam (scareware).
Correct actions:

1. Close the browser tab/window (do not click within pop-up)
2. Run your installed antivirus software full scan
3. If pop-up won't close, use Task Manager (Ctrl+Alt+Delete) to end browser task
4. Do not call any phone numbers shown
5. Do not download any software from the pop-up

Prevention: Install genuine antivirus, keep it updated, don't click suspicious ads.

30. You want to send a group of 10 photos to your friend via email, but email size limit is 25MB. Each photo is 5MB. How will you send them?
Ans:
Options:

1. Send in multiple emails: Send 5 photos (25MB) in one email, 5 in another.
2. Compress photos: Use image compression tool to reduce size to 2MB each (total 20MB).
3. Use cloud storage: Upload to Google Drive/OneDrive and share link.
4. Use file sharing service: WeTransfer, Dropbox (free up to 2GB).
5. Resize photos: Reduce resolution before sending.

Best option: Cloud storage with shared link – easy for friend to download all at once.

Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills (CBQs 31-40)

31. In your neighbourhood, people complain about not getting fresh vegetables. The nearest vegetable market is 5 km away. Identify this as a business opportunity and write a business plan.
Ans:
Problem: No fresh vegetables nearby; people travel 5 km.
Business opportunity: Start a small vegetable shop or mobile vegetable van.

Business plan:

1. Identify demand: Many families need daily vegetables.
2. Capital needed: Small – buy from wholesale market (e.g., Azadpur Mandi).
3. Unique selling point: Fresh vegetables sourced daily, home delivery for elderly.
4. Local material: Buy from local farmers if available.
5. Jobs created: Could hire 1-2 delivery persons.
6. Help society: Saves people's time and travel cost.

SMART goal for this business: "Start vegetable van in 2 months with ₹20,000 capital, serve 50 families within 6 months."

32. Ramesh owns a small tea stall. He wants to grow his business but thinks he needs a lot of money. What advice would you give him using the myth about capital?
Ans: I would tell Ramesh that the myth "you need a lot of money to start a business" is false. He can:

1. Start small with available capital: Even ₹2,000-5,000 is enough for a tea stall.
2. Grow gradually: Once profits come, reinvest into business.
3. Innovate without money:
• Add new items (coffee, snacks, samosa)
• Offer loyalty card (10th tea free)
• Start home delivery
• Use eco-friendly kulhads (clay cups)
4. Example: Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati started MDH with a small shop in Karol Bagh and made it big.

Advice: Use creativity, not just capital. Start with what you have.

33. In your school canteen, many students waste food. Identify three business ideas to solve this problem.
Ans:
Problem: Food waste in school canteen.

Business ideas:

1. Composting business: Collect leftover food, make compost, sell to school garden or local farmers.
2. Portion-controlled meals: Sell smaller portions at lower price; students can buy more if still hungry.
3. Tiffin service: Pre-order system so canteen makes only required quantity.

How each helps society:

1. Reduces waste, creates useful product
2. Reduces food waste, saves money for students
3. Reduces overproduction, ensures no food is wasted

34. A student in your class is very good at making handmade jewellery. She wants to sell it but thinks her business is too small to be called an 'entrepreneur'. How would you motivate her?
Ans: I would tell her:

1. Myth: Only big business owners are entrepreneurs. Reality: No business is too small.
2. Example of Sheila the taxi driver: She had a small taxi but added newspapers, TV, and hospital numbers – she is an entrepreneur.
3. Example of Bharti: Started with jute earrings, hired 5 women, helped her village.
4. Advice:
• Start with your small business
• Be creative (use unique designs)
• Take responsibility
• Don't give up
• You are an entrepreneur if you fulfill customer needs and try new ideas

5. Successful entrepreneurs: Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati started MDH with a small shop.

35. Your area has a problem of plastic waste. As an entrepreneur, how can you turn this problem into a business opportunity?
Ans:
Problem: Plastic waste in area.

Business opportunities:

1. Plastic recycling business: Collect plastic, sell to recycling factory.
2. Plastic to fuel: Convert plastic into fuel using pyrolysis (advanced).
3. Upcycling products: Make plant pots, bags, decorative items from waste plastic.
4. Biodegradable alternative: Start business selling cloth/jute bags to local shops.

Example from textbook: Mr. Avasth Hedge made 100% biodegradable bags from Mangalore.

Help to society: Reduces pollution, creates jobs, cleans environment.

36. Your friend wants to start a business but thinks every idea must be completely new. Give him examples from the textbook to change his mindset.
Ans: I would explain that this is a myth. Reality: You can take an existing idea and do something different.

Examples from textbook:

1. Ganesh's car rental: Not new idea, but he added luxury cars (Mercedes, BMW) – now has 200 cars.
2. Sheila's taxi: Not new idea, but she added newspaper, TV, hospital numbers – customers stood in line.
3. Tailoring shop: Thousands exist, but Gauri stitches good quality and is very successful.

Advice: Don't look for completely new idea. Look for a way to be different and better.

37. You are the head girl/boy of your school. The principal asks you to present why students should consider entrepreneurship as a career option. Prepare three key points.
Ans: Three key points for presentation:

Point 1: Dignified choice, not last-resort

• NSQF and NCF-2005 promote entrepreneurship as a "preferred and dignified choice"
• Become job creator, not job seeker

Point 2: Entrepreneurship helps society

• Creates jobs for others
• Uses local materials (helps local economy)
• Example: Bharti hired 5 women, bought jute from local farmer

Point 3: Myths are false

• You don't need a lot of money to start (myth)
• You don't need a big business (myth)
• Entrepreneurs are made, not born (myth)
• Example: MDH started with small shop; taxi driver Sheila is entrepreneur

38. Ravi says, "I cannot be an entrepreneur because I am not from a business family." How will you respond using the 'entrepreneurs are made, not born' concept?
Ans: Ravi has a misconception. I would respond:

"Entrepreneurs are made, not born. Anyone can learn entrepreneurial skills:

1. Mr. E. Shreedharan (Delhi Metro) was not from a business family but became a successful leader.
2. Mahashay Dharmapal Gulati started with a small shop, not a big business family.
3. Bharti from Bihar started with jute earrings.

Skills you can learn:

• Confidence (practice)
• Creativity (think differently)
• Taking responsibility (own mistakes)
• Not giving up (persistence)

You can start small, learn from failures, and grow. Your family background doesn't matter – your mindset does."

39. Your society has many elderly people who live alone. They find it difficult to go out for groceries and medicines. Identify this as a business opportunity and explain how it helps society.
Ans:
Problem: Elderly living alone cannot go out for groceries/medicines.
Business opportunity: Home delivery service for groceries and medicines.

Business plan:

1. Service: Take orders by phone/WhatsApp, deliver to door.
2. Unique selling point: Trusted service for elderly; on-time delivery.
3. Capital needed: Low – smartphone, bicycle/scooter, small inventory.
4. Jobs created: Delivery persons.

How it helps society:

1. Fulfills customer need: Elderly get essentials without stress.
2. Creates jobs: Local youth can work as delivery persons.
3. Shows social responsibility: Makes society inclusive and caring.
4. Uses local materials: Buy from local shops, supporting them.

This is a sustainable business model with social impact.

40. Your cousin has a bakery. It is doing okay but not growing. Suggest three innovative ideas to help him grow his business without spending a lot of money.
Ans: Three innovative ideas:

Idea 1: New products with a twist

• Add healthy options (whole wheat, sugar-free, gluten-free)
• Introduce unique flavours (mango pastry, chocolate orange cake)

Idea 2: Marketing innovation

• Free sample distribution near schools/offices
• Loyalty program (buy 5 cakes, get 1 free)
• Birthday club (free small pastry on customer birthday)

Idea 3: Service innovation

• Home delivery with eco-friendly packaging (cloth/jute/paper)
• Tie-up with local cafes to supply bread/pastries
• Baking workshops for children (small fee)

Example from textbook: Ganesh added luxury cars to car rental. Your cousin can add 'luxury' items like customised cakes for events.

Unit 5: Green Skills (CBQs 41-50)

41. Your school uses 500 plastic water bottles daily and throws them in the trash. As a student, what sustainable solution would you propose? Write a plan.
Ans:

Problem: 500 plastic bottles daily → waste.

Solution plan:

1. Install water purifier/RO and encourage students to bring reusable bottles.
2. Start 'Plastic Bottle Recycling Program': Collect all bottles, send to recycling facility.
3. Upcycling competition: Use bottles to make plant pots, pencil holders, decorative items.
4. Awareness campaign: Posters, assembly talks about plastic pollution.

Goals aligned with SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).
Long-term: Completely ban plastic bottles in school.

42. Your family wastes a lot of food and water at home. As a responsible child, how will you convince them to reduce waste? Give three practical tips for each.
Ans:

Convincing family:

• Show them SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption)
• Explain that wasting food/water harms future generations
• Lead by example

Food waste reduction tips:

1. Cook only required quantity (plan meals)
2. Refrigerate leftovers and eat next day
3. Compost kitchen waste for garden

Water waste reduction tips:

1. Repair leaking taps immediately
2. Turn off tap while brushing teeth
3. Use water from washing vegetables to water plants

43. Your area faces frequent floods during monsoon because drains are blocked with plastic waste. What sustainable solutions can you propose to the local municipality?
Ans:
Solutions:

1. Ban single-use plastics in the area.
2. Install plastic collection bins and recycle collected plastic.
3. Monthly plastic collection drive with community participation.
4. Awareness campaign on effects of plastic on drainage.
5. Use biodegradable alternatives (cloth/jute bags, paper packaging).
6. Upcycling workshops to convert plastic waste into useful items.

Connection to SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities): Clean drains prevent flooding and waterlogging.
Example from textbook: Avasth Hedge's biodegradable bags dissolve in hot water.

44. Your school has a garden but it is dry and unused. Using the concept of sustainable development, propose a plan to revive it.
Ans:

Sustainable plan:

1. Rainwater harvesting: Install system to collect rainwater for garden.
2. Vermicomposting: Use kitchen waste from canteen to make compost using worms.
3. Organic farming: Grow vegetables without chemicals; use cow dung fertiliser.
4. Water conservation: Use drip irrigation or sprinkler system.
5. Student involvement: Each class adopts one plant.

Benefits:

• Reduces food waste (composting)
• Provides chemical-free vegetables (organic)
• Teaches students sustainable practices
• Saves water (rainwater harvesting)

45. Your friend always leaves the fan and light on when leaving the room. How will you explain the importance of saving energy for sustainable development?
Ans:

Explanation to friend:
"Leaving fans/lights on wastes electricity. Most electricity comes from burning coal (non-renewable). Coal will run out in future. Burning coal also causes air pollution and climate change.

Effects of not saving energy:

• Future generations will have no coal/petrol left
• More pollution, extreme weather
• Higher electricity bills

How you can help:

1. Switch off lights/fans when leaving
2. Use natural light during day
3. Use LED bulbs (save 80% energy)
4. Unplug devices when not in use

SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) require us to save energy."

Share example of Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat – using renewable energy reduces dependence on fossil fuels.

46. Your locality has no proper garbage disposal system. Garbage is dumped on empty land. Residents are getting sick. As a young citizen, how will you address this using sustainable principles?
Ans:

Problem: No garbage system → diseases.
Sustainable solution plan:

Phase 1 – Segregation:

• Educate residents to separate wet (kitchen) waste from dry (plastic/paper) waste.

Phase 2 – Composting:

• Set up community vermicomposting for wet waste. Compost used for local gardens.

Phase 3 – Recycling:

• Sell dry waste (plastic, glass, paper) to recycling facility.

Phase 4 – Advocacy:

• Request municipality for regular garbage collection.
• Start 'Zero Waste Locality' campaign.

Connection to SDG 3 (Good Health), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption).

47. You are asked to give a speech on 'My Role in Sustainable Development'. Write five key points for your speech.
Ans:

Speech key points:

1. Save water: Repair leaks, turn off tap when not in use, rainwater harvesting.
2. Save energy: Switch off lights/fans, use LED bulbs, use natural light.
3. Reduce plastic: Take cloth bags to market, refuse single-use plastic, recycle.
4. Plant trees: Every person should plant at least one tree a year.
5. Reduce waste: Don't waste food; compost kitchen waste; donate unused items.

Concluding statement: "Sustainable development is not just the government's job. Each one of us must act today so our future generations can live well. Remember the definition: 'Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.' Let's be responsible citizens!"

48. As a class leader, how will you organise a 'Best out of Waste' competition in your school? What learning objectives does it serve?
Ans:

Organisation plan:

1. Announce competition with date (2 weeks ahead)
2. Rules: Use only waste material (plastic bottles, old newspaper, cardboard, etc.)
3. Categories: Best utility item, best decoration, most innovative
4. Judging by art teacher and principal
5. Exhibition for parents on annual day

Learning objectives (SDG 12 - Responsible Consumption):

1. Students learn to reduce, reuse, recycle waste.
2. Develops creativity (entrepreneurial skill).
3. Awareness about plastic pollution.
4. Understanding that waste can become resource.
5. Sustainable lifestyle practices.

49. Your village uses only chemical fertilisers for farming. The soil has become hard and crops are not growing well. As a student, what sustainable farming methods would you suggest to the farmers?
Ans:

Problem: Chemical fertilisers spoil soil.

Sustainable methods to suggest:

1. Organic farming: Use cow dung, compost, green manure instead of chemicals.
2. Vermicomposting: Make compost using worms from kitchen/agricultural waste.
3. Crop rotation: Change crops each season to maintain soil nutrients.
4. Natural pesticides: Use neem oil, garlic spray instead of chemicals.

Benefits:

• Soil quality improves for future generations
• Chemical-free, healthier crops
• Lower cost (no buying expensive fertilisers)
• Example from textbook: Organic farming is true sustainable development.

Connection to SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 15 (Life on Land).

50. You have learnt about the Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat. Your village has plenty of sunlight but no electricity in many homes. Write a proposal for a small solar project in your village.
Ans:

Proposal for Village Solar Project

Problem: No electricity in many homes; plenty of sunlight available.

Solution: Install solar panels on community building (school, panchayat office).

Plan:

1. Phase 1: 10 kW solar panel on school roof.
2. Phase 2: Solar street lights on main roads.
3. Phase 3: Solar home lighting systems for 50 homes (subsidised).

Benefits:

• Clean, renewable energy (SDG 7)
• No pollution (unlike diesel generators)
• Low maintenance cost
• Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
• Children can study at night
• Example of Charanka: 600 MW solar plant reduced dependence on fossil fuels in Gujarat

Funding sources: Government subsidy (MNRE), crowdfunding, NGO support.

Conclusion: "Just as Charanka Solar Park helped Gujarat, our village can become a model for sustainable energy."